Timing Synchronization For Smartphonebased Optical Camera Communication

• doi: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188265
• title: Timing Synchronization for Smartphone-Based Optical Camera Communication
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 979-8-3503-1103-7
• issn: 2475-6490
• rank: 3860
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: The advent of industry 4.0 sets high and divers requirements for wireless communications. Visible light communication (VLC) is a technology that is able to address a set of those requirements. Within the area of VLC, we focus on optical camera communication (OCC) with a light emitting diode (LED) as sender and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor as receiver. The rolling shutter mechanism of the CMOS image sensor allows the system to achieve higher symbol rate than the frame rate. However, the sampling frequency of the rolling shutter is an unknown parameter that varies between smartphone models and therefore needs to be estimated if the system is required to work with a wide range of CMOS cameras. In this work, a non-data aided (NDA) digital timing synchronization algorithm employing a rolling shutter image sensor was analyzed using a spectral approach for application in an OCC system. The algorithm viability and wide applicability was demonstrated using the cameras of six different smartphone models.
• article_number: 10188265
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10188265
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10188265/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10188265/
• publication_title: 2023 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)
• conference_location: Gothenburg, Sweden
• conference_dates: 6-9 June 2023
• publication_number: 10187889
• is_number: 10188221
• publication_year: 2023
• publication_date: 6-9 June 2023
• start_page: 311
• end_page: 316
• citing_paper_count: 0
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 284
• insert_date: 20230726
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Semiconductor device modeling
    • CMOS image sensors
    • Cameras
    • Optical imaging
    • Light emitting diodes
    • Optical receivers
    • Frequency estimation
  • author_terms:
    • VLC
    • industry 4.0
    • OCC
    • rolling shutter
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Time Synchronization
    • Optical Camera Communication
    • Sampling Frequency
    • Image Sensor
    • Optical Communication
    • Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor Camera
    • Visible Light Communication
    • Symbol Rate
    • Range Of The Camera
    • Rolling Shutter
    • Exposure Time
    • Light Source
    • Sampling Rate
    • Sample Groups
    • Convolutional Neural Network
    • Window Size
    • Fast Fourier Transform
    • Internet Of Things
    • Values In Order
    • Images In Row
    • Bitstream
    • Spectrum Of Values
    • Smartphone Camera
    • Digital Signal Processing
    • Readout Time
    • Resolved Spectra
    • Ratio Of System
    • On-off Keying
    • Inter-symbol Interference
• isbn_formats:
  • format: Print on Demand(PoD) ISBN, value: 979-8-3503-1103-7, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Electronic ISBN, value: 979-8-3503-1102-0, isbnType: New-2005
• authors:
  • Author Name: Frank von Schoettler
    Affiliation: Research Technology SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Bruchsal, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089923983
    ID: 37089923983
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Research Technology SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Bruchsal, Germany
  • Author Name: Eike Lyczkowski
    Affiliation: Research Technology SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Bruchsal, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37087045845
    ID: 37087045845
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Research Technology SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Bruchsal, Germany
  • Author Name: Zhidong Hua
    Affiliation: Research Technology SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Bruchsal, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089927021
    ID: 37089927021
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Research Technology SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Bruchsal, Germany
  • Author Name: Patrick Matalla
    Affiliation: Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088995652
    ID: 37088995652
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • Author Name: Sebastian Randel
    Affiliation: Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37270938600
    ID: 37270938600
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 1920x1080
• dynamic_range: Not specified
• pixel_size: 1.4µm for Galaxy S8 and S10e, 1µm for Galaxy S22, 1.22µm for iPhone SE, 0.7µm for Moto G200 5G, 1.12µm for Xiaomi Redmi 9
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 30 fps
• shutter_speed: Rolling shutter mechanism

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Applications include use in smartphones and possibly other imaging devices due to enhanced sensitivity and resolution from rolling shutter technology.
• benefits: Low cost, low power consumption, larger field of view, high robustness to interference.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 6-9 June 2023

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • fill_factor
  • quantum_efficiency
  • analog-to-digital_conversion_techniques
  • on-chip_colour_filters
  • global_shutter
  • backside_illumination

Processed JSON Filename

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