The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector Agipd A Detector For The European Xfel Development And Status

• doi: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402196
• title: The adaptive gain integrating pixel detector (AGIPD): A detector for the European XFEL. development and status
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 978-1-4244-3962-1
• issn: 1082-3654
• partnum: 09CH38116
• rank: 3788
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: The European XFEL under construction in Hamburg will provide fully coherent, 100 fs long X-ray pulses, with 1012 photons at 12 keV. The high intensity per pulse will allow recording diffraction patterns of single particles or small crystals in a single shot. As a consequence the 2D detectors have to cope with a large dynamic range in the images (one to 104 photons/pixel). An additional challenge is the European XFEL machine: an Electron bunch train with 10 Hz repetition rate, consisting of up to 3,000 bunches with a 200 ns spacing. This means that recorded images have to be stored inside the pixel during the bunch trains and read out between bunch trains. In order to meet these requirements, the European XFEL has launched 3 detector development projects. The AGIPD project is a collaboration between DESY, PSI and the Universities of Bonn and Hamburg. The goal is a 1000 ? 1000 pixel detector, with 200 ?m pixel size and a central hole for the primary beam. The ASIC operates in charge integration mode: the output of each pixel preamplifier is proportional to the charge from the sensor generated by the X-rays. The input stage of the pixel cells will have dynamically adjustable gains. The output signal is stored in an analogue pipeline, which has to be a compromise between noise performance and the number of images. 200 to 400 images have to be readout and digitized in the 99.4 ms long bunch gap. The detector will be built of 2 ? 8 fully depleted monolithic silicon sensors with a 2 ? 8 array of CMOS readout chips bump-bonded to these. The interface electronics is designed to process 400 images in 99 msec, without compromising single photon sensitivity or the full dynamic range. Since the ASIC is the linchpin of the project, several MPW runs to test the different aspects in terms of radiation hardness, noise and adaptive switching are submitted. We will give a general overview and report on the current status.
• article_number: 5402196
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5402196
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5402196/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5402196/
• publication_title: 2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)
• conference_location: Orlando, FL, USA
• conference_dates: 24 Oct.-1 Nov. 2009
• publication_number: 5384532
• is_number: 5401554
• publication_year: 2009
• publication_date: 24 Oct.-1 Nov. 2009
• start_page: 1817
• end_page: 1820
• citing_paper_count: 4
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 223
• insert_date: 20100129
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Detectors
    • X-ray imaging
    • Dynamic range
    • Pixel
    • Application specific integrated circuits
    • X-ray diffraction
    • Photonic crystals
    • Electrons
    • Collaboration
    • Educational institutions
  • author_terms:
    • XFEL
    • 2D detector
    • Hybrid Pixel Detector
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Pixel Detector
    • X-ray Free-electron Laser
    • Adaptive Gain
    • Dynamic Range
    • Additional Challenges
    • Single Shot
    • Small Crystals
    • Large Dynamic Range
    • University Of Bonn
    • X-ray Pulses
    • Electronic Interface
    • Charge Density
    • Charge Distribution
    • Simulation Program
    • Detection Head
    • Memory Address
    • Test Chip
• isbn_formats:
  • format: CD, value: 978-1-4244-3962-1, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 978-1-4244-3961-4, isbnType: New-2005
• authors:
  • Author Name: P. Göttlicher
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398309900
    ID: 37398309900
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: H. Graafsma
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37322637300
    ID: 37322637300
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: H. Hirsemann
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398312800
    ID: 37398312800
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: S. Jack
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398313500
    ID: 37398313500
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: B. Nilsson
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37409989000
    ID: 37409989000
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: G. Potdevin
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398313900
    ID: 37398313900
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: I. Sheviakov
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398313700
    ID: 37398313700
    Order: 7
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: F. Tian
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37396955100
    ID: 37396955100
    Order: 8
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: U. Trunk
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37322962200
    ID: 37322962200
    Order: 9
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: C. Youngman
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398315100
    ID: 37398315100
    Order: 10
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: M. Zimmer
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37395538500
    ID: 37395538500
    Order: 11
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: J. Becker
    Affiliation: University of Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37395735800
    ID: 37395735800
    Order: 12
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: E. Fretwurst
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37277177800
    ID: 37277177800
    Order: 13
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: R. Klanner
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37376925000
    ID: 37376925000
    Order: 14
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: H. Perrey
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398333400
    ID: 37398333400
    Order: 15
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: I. Pintilie
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37312561000
    ID: 37312561000
    Order: 16
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: A. K. Srivastava
    Affiliation: Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088607846
    ID: 37088607846
    Order: 17
    Author Affiliations:
    • Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • Author Name: R. Dinapoli
    Affiliation: University of Bonn, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37272630900
    ID: 37272630900
    Order: 18
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Bonn, Germany
  • Author Name: B. Henrich
    Affiliation: University of Bonn, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37394749800
    ID: 37394749800
    Order: 19
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Bonn, Germany
  • Author Name: A. Mozzanica
    Affiliation: University of Bonn, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37398338000
    ID: 37398338000
    Order: 20
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Bonn, Germany
  • Author Name: B. Schmitt
    Affiliation: University of Bonn, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37272322500
    ID: 37272322500
    Order: 21
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Bonn, Germany
  • Author Name: X. Shi
    Affiliation: University of Bonn, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37401245900
    ID: 37401245900
    Order: 22
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Bonn, Germany
  • Author Name: M. Karagounis
    Affiliation: University of Bonn, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37269244100
    ID: 37269244100
    Order: 23
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Bonn, Germany
  • Author Name: H. Krüger
    Affiliation: University of Bonn, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37277772000
    ID: 37277772000
    Order: 24
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Bonn, Germany

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 1000x1000 pixels
• dynamic_range: 10^4 photons/pixel
• pixel_size: 200 μm
• dark_current: not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: not specified
• aperture: not specified
• field_of_view: not specified
• distortion: not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 5 MHz

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: recording diffraction patterns of single macromolecules or small crystals
• benefits: allows high dynamic range imaging with single photon sensitivity and fast readout capabilities

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: European XFEL GmbH, Helmholtz Association, DESY, PSI, University of Bonn, University of Hamburg

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 24 Oct.-1 Nov. 2009

Relevancy Score

• score: 8
• missing_fields:
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • signal_to_noise_ratio
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed
  • power_consumption
  • noise

Processed JSON Filename

request_2d2376fd-c92e-488a-8044-800a95f1e944-the_adaptive_gain_integrating_pixel_detector_agipd_a_detector_for_the_european_xfel_development_and_status.json