Pulsebased 2D Motion Sensors

• doi: 10.1109/82.769776
• title: Pulse-based 2-D motion sensors
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-125X
• rank: 3337
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: We present two compact CMOS integrated circuits for computing the two-dimensional (2-D) local direction of motion of an image focused directly onto the chip. These circuits incorporate onboard photoreceptors and focal plane motion processing. With fully functional 14/spl times/13 and 12/spl times/13 implementations consuming less than 50 /spl mu/W per pixel, we conclude that practical pixel resolutions of at least 64/spl times/64 are easily achievable. Measurements characterizing the elementary one-dimensional motion detectors are presented along with a discussion of 2-D performance and example 2-D motion vector fields. As an example application of the sensor, it is shown that the array as fabricated can directly compute the focus of expansion of a 2-D motion vector field.
• article_number: 769776
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=769776
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/769776/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/769776/
• publication_title: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 82
• is_number: 16692
• publication_year: 1999
• publication_date: June 1999
• start_page: 677
• end_page: 687
• citing_paper_count: 37
• citing_patent_count: 3
• download_count: 109
• insert_date: 20020806
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Sensor arrays
    • Focusing
    • CMOS integrated circuits
    • Two dimensional displays
    • Photoreceptors
    • Motion measurement
    • Semiconductor device measurement
    • Motion detection
    • Detectors
    • Sensor phenomena and characterization
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Motion Detection
    • Motion Sensors
    • Focal Plane
    • Back Focal Plane
    • Direction Of Motion
    • Vector Field
    • Motion Vector
    • Operation Mode
    • Flow Field
    • Response Speed
    • Output Current
    • Edge Detection
    • Voltage Signal
    • Optical Flow
    • Voltage Pulses
    • Sensor Array
    • Postdoctoral Fellow
    • Velocity Range
    • Neighboring Pixels
    • Neighborhood Pixels
    • Motion Estimation
    • Sensor Output
    • Singular Point
    • Temporal Contrast
    • Velocity Sensors
    • Stimulus Speed
    • Speed Of Stimuli
    • Differential Output
    • Differential Yield
    • Sensor Orientation
    • Nonlinear Circuit
    • Power Consumption
    • Stimulus Period
    • Periodic Stimulus
    • Periodic Stimuli
• authors:
  • Author Name: C.M. Higgins
    Affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37271135000
    ID: 37271135000
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
  • Author Name: R.A. Deutschmann
    Affiliation: Walter Schottky Institute, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37351789300
    ID: 37351789300
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Walter Schottky Institute, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
  • Author Name: C. Koch
    Affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37282902400
    ID: 37282902400
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 14x14 and 12x12 pixels
• dynamic_range: Not specified in detail
• pixel_size: Not specified in detail
• dark_current: Not specified in detail

Optical Data

• focal_length: 8 mm
• aperture: Not specified in detail
• field_of_view: Not specified in detail
• distortion: Not specified in detail

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 50 Hz
• signal_to_noise_ratio: Not specified in detail
• sensitivity: Not specified in detail
• shutter_speed: Not specified in detail
• power_consumption: Less than 50 µW per pixel
• noise: Not specified in detail

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Not specified in detail
• benefits: Compact and lightweight, suitable for embedded applications; power consumption under 50 µW per pixel; capable of real-time motion detection and focus of expansion computation.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, German National Merit Foundation

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: June 1999

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • quantum efficiency
  • fill factor
  • readout speed
  • noise sources
  • analog-to-digital conversion techniques
  • microlenses
  • on-chip colour filters
  • global or rolling shutters
  • backside illumination

Processed JSON Filename

request_6f120be7-7502-4f7f-83f5-fe755845fad9-pulsebased_2d_motion_sensors.json