Modeling Calibration And Correction Of Nonlinear Illuminationdependent Fixed Pattern Noise In Logarithmic Cmos Image Sensors

• doi: 10.1109/TIM.2002.807803
• title: Modeling, calibration, and correction of nonlinear illumination-dependent fixed pattern noise in logarithmic CMOS image sensors
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1557-9662
• rank: 3029
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: At present, most CMOS image sensors use an array of pixels with a linear response. However, pixels with a logarithmic response are also possible and are capable of imaging high dynamic range scenes without saturating. Unfortunately, logarithmic image sensors suffer from fixed pattern noise (FPN). Work reported in the literature generally assumes the FPN is independent of illumination. This paper develops a nonlinear model y=a+bln(c+x)+/spl epsi/ of a pixel for the digital response y to an illuminance x and shows that the FPN arises from a variation of the offset a, gain b, and bias c from pixel to pixel. Equations are derived to estimate these parameters by calibrating images of uniform stimuli, taken with varying illuminances. Experiments with a Fuga 15d image sensor, demonstrating parameter calibration and FPN correction, show that the nonlinear model outperforms previous models that assume either only offset or offset and gain variation.
• article_number: 1174030
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1174030
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1174030/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1174030/
• publication_title: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 19
• is_number: 26372
• publication_year: 2002
• publication_date: Oct. 2002
• start_page: 996
• end_page: 1001
• citing_paper_count: 40
• citing_patent_count: 2
• download_count: 758
• insert_date: 20030129
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Semiconductor device modeling
    • Calibration
    • CMOS image sensors
    • Sensor arrays
    • Pixel
    • Image sensors
    • Dynamic range
    • Layout
    • Lighting
    • Nonlinear equations
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Fixed Pattern Noise
    • Illumination
    • Lighting
    • Dynamic Range
    • Nonlinear Model
    • High Dynamic Range
    • Gain Variation
    • Pixel Array
    • Model Parameters
    • Degrees Of Freedom
    • Least-squares
    • Least Squares Method
    • Linear Function
    • Linear Map
    • Error Variance
    • Photodiode
    • Average Response
    • Residual Error
    • Exact Solution
    • Quantum Efficiency
    • Least Squares Estimation
    • Conjugate Gradient
    • Scene Images
    • Linear Sensor
    • Pixel Column
    • Scene Representation
    • Unique Minimizer
    • Quantization Error
    • Amount Of Error
    • Photocurrent
    • Abscissa
    • Common Bus
• authors:
  • Author Name: D. Joseph
    Affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37274570400
    ID: 37274570400
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • Author Name: S. Collins
    Affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37274573100
    ID: 37274573100
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 2048 x 2048 pixels
• dynamic_range: over five decades of illuminance
• pixel_size: not specified
• dark_current: not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: not specified
• aperture: not specified
• field_of_view: not specified
• distortion: not specified

Performance Metrics

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: enabled imaging of high dynamic range scenes without saturating
• benefits: integrated with external circuits on the same die, reducing cost, power consumption, size, and weight

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Oct. 2002

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • fill factor
  • quantum efficiency
  • readout speed
  • noise sources

Processed JSON Filename

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