Low Cost Pervasive Detection Of Radiation Threats

• doi: 10.1109/THS.2011.6107897
• title: Low cost, pervasive detection of radiation threats
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 978-1-4577-1374-3
• issn:
• partnum: 11EX5710
• rank: 2919
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: The recent nuclear crisis at Fukushima, Japan is a stark reminder that radiation emergencies can and do happen. In addition to accidents, the potential use of radioactive materials by terrorists has raised serious concerns. While the primary concern has been with preventing these materials from entering the United States, thousands of dangerous radiological sources are already here within our borders, located in vulnerable locations in hospitals, food processing plants, and industrial sites. These sources pose a risk for use in two terrorist threats described by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): the Dirty Bomb and the Silent Source. In a Dirty Bomb attack, radioactive material is dispersed using a conventional explosive. In a Silent Source attack, radioactive material is hidden in locations where people congregate (restaurants, airports, subway stations, shopping malls, etc.). Both scenarios can injure or kill people and cause significant political, social and economic disruption. This paper will describe the GammaPix™ technology, which has the potential to provide low cost, pervasive detection of, and warning against, radiation threats. The GammaPix technology is based on software analysis of the images produced by a surveillance or smartphone camera to measure the local gamma-ray radiation exposure at the device. The technology employs the inherent gamma-ray sensitivity of CCD and CMOS chips used in the digital image sensors of these devices. This paper describes the use of the technology in calibration and testing scenarios using installed video cameras and smartphone cameras.
• article_number: 6107897
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6107897
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6107897/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6107897/
• publication_title: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST)
• conference_location: Waltham, MA, USA
• conference_dates: 15-17 Nov. 2011
• publication_number: 6095473
• is_number: 6107829
• publication_year: 2011
• publication_date: 15-17 Nov. 2011
• start_page: 365
• end_page: 371
• citing_paper_count: 10
• citing_patent_count: 1
• download_count: 571
• insert_date: 20111219
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Cameras
    • Terrorism
    • Calibration
    • Hospitals
    • Sensitivity
    • Lighting
    • NIST
  • author_terms:
    • Radiation
    • Radiation Detection
    • Gamma Rays
    • Gamma-Ray Detection
    • Nuclear Physics
    • Dirty Bombs
    • Silent Sources
    • Radiological Sources
    • Radiation Emitting Devices
    • CCD
    • CMOS
    • Surveillance Cameras
    • Smartphone Cameras
    • Video-centric Detection
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Department Of Health
    • Digital Images
    • Airport
    • Radiation Exposure
    • Video Camera
    • Human Services
    • Risk Of Use
    • Risk Of Victimization
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Department Of Human Services
    • Terrorist Threat
    • Industrial Sites
    • Surveillance Cameras
    • Subway Stations
    • Source Of Danger
    • Dangerous Source
    • Food Processing Plants
    • Gamma-ray Irradiation
    • Gamma-ray Radiation
    • Vulnerable Locations
    • Digital Camera
    • False Alarm
    • Gamma Rays
    • Oak Ridge National Laboratory
    • ORNL
    • Nuclear Power Plant
    • Nuclear Facilities
    • Nuclear Plant
    • Radiation Detection
    • Homeland Security
    • Department Of Homeland Security
    • Radiation Field
    • Irradiation Field
    • Dose Rate
    • Ambient Light Conditions
    • National Academy Of Sciences
    • Transit Stations
• isbn_formats:
  • format: CD, value: 978-1-4577-1374-3, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 978-1-4577-1375-0, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Electronic ISBN, value: 978-1-4577-1376-7, isbnType: New-2005
• authors:
  • Author Name: Gordon A. Drukier
    Affiliation: Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38234220400
    ID: 38234220400
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
  • Author Name: Eric P. Rubenstein
    Affiliation: Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37378578200
    ID: 37378578200
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
  • Author Name: Peter R. Solomon
    Affiliation: Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38242688500
    ID: 38242688500
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
  • Author Name: Marek A. Wójtowicz
    Affiliation: Advanced Fuel Research, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38232315100
    ID: 38232315100
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Advanced Fuel Research, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
  • Author Name: Michael A. Serio
    Affiliation: Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38241387800
    ID: 38241387800
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Image Insight, Inc., East Hartford, CT, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: varies (e.g., smartphone resolution up to 1920x1080)
• dynamic_range: not explicitly mentioned, typically around 60-90 dB for modern CMOS sensors
• pixel_size: not explicitly mentioned, typically in the range of 1-5 µm for CMOS sensors
• dark_current: not explicitly mentioned, typically low for modern CMOS sensors (in the range of e-/s)

Optical Data

• focal_length: not explicitly mentioned
• aperture: not explicitly mentioned
• field_of_view: not explicitly mentioned
• distortion: not explicitly mentioned

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: not explicitly mentioned, but suitable for video capture (typically 30fps or more)
• signal_to_noise_ratio: not explicitly mentioned, but generally high for modern CMOS (often > 40 dB)
• sensitivity: not explicitly mentioned, but can be improved with backside illumination
• shutter_speed: not explicitly mentioned
• power_consumption: not explicitly mentioned, but typically low for battery-powered devices (in the range of mW)
• noise: not explicitly mentioned, but includes contributions from temporal noise and fixed-pattern noise

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: CMOS sensors are used in medical imaging devices for better sensitivity and lower cost.
• benefits: Low power consumption, enabling integration into mobile devices; high readout speeds for video applications.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: National Academy of Sciences, Department of Homeland Security, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 15-17 Nov. 2011

Relevancy Score

• score: 10

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