Currentmode Analog Integrated Circuit For Focalplane Image Compression

• doi: 10.1109/SBCCI.2012.6344438
• title: Current-mode analog integrated circuit for focal-plane image compression
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 978-1-4673-2607-0
• issn:
• partnum: 12EX7445
• rank: 2030
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: The interest in focal-plane processing techniques, by which image processing is carried out at pixel level, has increased since the advent of active pixel sensors in the middle 90's. By sharing processing circuitry by a group of neighboring pixels such techniques enable high-speed imaging operation and massive parallel computation. Focal-plane image compression is particularly interesting, because it allows for further reduction in data rates. The proposed approach also benefits from processing currents rather than voltages, which not only suits current-mode APS imagers, but also enables the circuits to operate at low voltage supply levels and achieve high speed. Moreover, arithmetic computations such as additions and scaling are easily implemented in current mode. Whereas current-mode imaging architectures produce higher fixed pattern noise (FPN) figures than their voltage-mode counterparts, low FPN can be achieved by applying correlated double sampling (CDS) and gain correction techniques. This work presents a 32 × 32 imaging integrated circuit that captures and compresses gray scale images on the focal plane of the image sensors using analog circuits that implement, for every 4 × 4 pixel block, differential pulse-code modulation, linear transform, and vector quantization. Other processing functions implemented in the chip are CDS, analog convolutions and A/D conversion. Theoretical details and circuit designs are described, as well as the test setup of the chip fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process. Experimental results and photographs captured by the chip are shown to validate the technique. The CMOS imager compresses captured images at 0.94 bits/pixel for an overall power consumption below 40 mW (white image), which is equivalent to approximately 36 μW per pixel. Using photographs taken from bar-target pattern inputs, it is shown that details up to 2 cycles/cm are preserved in the decoded images.
• article_number: 6344438
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6344438
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6344438/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6344438/
• publication_title: 2012 25th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)
• conference_location: Brasilia, Brazil
• conference_dates: 30 Aug.-2 Sept. 2012
• publication_number: 6337025
• is_number: 6344418
• publication_year: 2012
• publication_date: 30 Aug.-2 Sept. 2012
• start_page: 1
• end_page: 6
• citing_paper_count: 1
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 249
• insert_date: 20121110
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Image reconstruction
    • Transforms
    • Vectors
    • Image coding
    • Decoding
    • Noise
    • Imaging
  • author_terms:
    • CMOS image sensor
    • imager
    • focal plane
    • image processing
    • compression
    • DPCM
    • VQ
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Focal Plane
    • Back Focal Plane
    • Integrated Circuit
    • Image Compression
    • Analog Integrated Circuits
    • Analog Chips
    • Data Rate
    • Data Evaluation
    • Decoding
    • Decryption
    • Linear Transformation
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Circuit Design
    • Pixel Level
    • Gray Images
    • Analog Circuits
    • High-speed Operation
    • Vector Quantization
    • Theoretical Details
    • Pixel Block
    • Quantum
    • Optical System
    • Optical Devices
    • Final Image
    • Eyebrows
    • Output Bits
    • Modulation Transfer Function
    • Optical Transfer Function
    • Lens Aperture
    • Aperture Lenses
    • Inverse Operation
    • Temporal Noise
    • Digital Computer
    • Sum Of Currents
    • Value Of Block
    • Value Of Each Block
• isbn_formats:
  • format: CD, value: 978-1-4673-2607-0, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 978-1-4673-2606-3, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Electronic ISBN, value: 978-1-4673-2608-7, isbnType: New-2005
• authors:
  • Author Name: Fernanda D. V. R. Oliveira
    Affiliation: COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37955932900
    ID: 37955932900
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Author Name: Hugo L. Haas
    Affiliation: COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37287002600
    ID: 37287002600
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Author Name: José Gabriel R. C. Gomes
    Affiliation: COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37285881800
    ID: 37285881800
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Author Name: Antonio Petraglia
    Affiliation: COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37270882400
    ID: 37270882400
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • COPPE / Electrical Engineering Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 32x32 pixels
• dynamic_range: Not specified
• pixel_size: 37.5 µm x 37.5 µm
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• power_consumption: below 40 mW (maximum)
• noise: Higher fixed-pattern noise (FPN) figures than voltage-mode counterparts, specific values not provided.

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: CMOS image sensors allow high-speed imaging and data rate reduction; suitable for applications like smartphones and medical devices.
• benefits: Focal-plane image compression allows for further reduction in data rates. Analog processing enables high-speed operation.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 30 Aug.-2 Sept. 2012

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • dynamic_range
  • dark_current
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • frame_rate
  • signal_to_noise_ratio
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed

Processed JSON Filename

request_7c51ff54-e7ac-4b7e-b83b-65abfb126145-currentmode_analog_integrated_circuit_for_focalplane_image_compression.json