Cmos Image Sensors

• doi: 10.1109/MCD.2005.1438751
• title: CMOS image sensors
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-1888
• rank: 1842
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Magazines
• abstract: In this article, we provide a basic introduction to CMOS image-sensor technology, design and performance limits and present recent developments and future directions in this area. We also discuss image-sensor operation and describe the most popular CMOS image-sensor architectures. We note the main non-idealities that limit CMOS image sensor performance, and specify several key performance measures. One of the most important advantages of CMOS image sensors over CCDs is the ability to integrate sensing with analog and digital processing down to the pixel level. Finally, we focus on recent developments and future research directions that are enabled by pixel-level processing, the applications of which promise to further improve CMOS image sensor performance and broaden their applicability beyond current markets.
• article_number: 1438751
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1438751
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1438751/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1438751/
• publication_title: IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 101
• is_number: 30986
• publication_year: 2005
• publication_date: May-June 2005
• start_page: 6
• end_page: 20
• citing_paper_count: 594
• citing_patent_count: 48
• download_count: 21228
• insert_date: 20050613
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • CMOS image sensors
    • Sensor arrays
    • Image sensors
    • Pixel
    • Optical arrays
    • CMOS technology
    • Circuits
    • Optical imaging
    • Image converters
    • Color
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Complementary Metal–oxide–semiconductor Image
    • Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Image
    • Imaging System
    • CCD Camera
    • Charge-coupled Device
    • Video Camera
    • Biological Tests
    • Advanced Design
    • Pixel Level
    • Machine Vision
    • Visual Navigation
    • Digital Imaging System
    • Direct Area
    • Growth In Recent Years
    • Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Technology
    • Solid-state Sensors
    • Pixel Size
    • Integration Time
    • Photodiode
    • Photodetector
    • High End
    • Dark Current
    • High Dynamic Range
    • Retinal Prosthesis
    • Visual Prostheses
    • Artificial Retina
    • Optical Flow
    • Flicker Noise
    • Digital Circuits
    • Digital Circuitry
    • System-on-chip
    • Temporal Noise
    • Pixel Array
    • Local Computing
    • Local Calculation
• authors:
  • Author Name: A. El Gamal
    Affiliation: University of Stanford, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37274961200
    ID: 37274961200
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Stanford, CA, USA
  • Author Name: H. Eltoukhy
    Affiliation: University of Stanford, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37425978600
    ID: 37425978600
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • University of Stanford, CA, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 742 × 554
• dynamic_range: greater than 100 dB
• pixel_size: 7 × 7 µm
• dark_current: orders of magnitude higher than CCD in submicron processes

Optical Data

• focal_length: not specified
• aperture: not specified
• field_of_view: not specified
• distortion: not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 10,000 fps
• signal_to_noise_ratio: ranging from 40–60 dB
• sensitivity: in ISO units
• power_consumption: in milliwatts (not specified)

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Capabilities in biological testing, low-cost, portable applications such as DNA sequencing and pathogen detection
• benefits: Integration of sensing with processing to enable new applications such as mobile imaging and security.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Agilent, Canon, HP, Kodak, DARPA

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: May-June 2005

Relevancy Score

• score: 10

Processed JSON Filename

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