Chipscale Angleselective Imager For In Vivo Microscopic Cancer Detection

• doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2959278
• title: Chip-Scale Angle-Selective Imager for In Vivo Microscopic Cancer Detection
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1940-9990
• rank: 1935
• access_type: CCBY - IEEE is not the copyright holder of this material. Please follow the instructions via https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ to obtain full-text articles and stipulations in the API documentation.
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: We present an image sensor incorporating angle-selective gratings for resolution enhancement in contact imaging applications. Optical structures designed in the CMOS metal layers above each photodiode form the angle-selective gratings that limit the sensor angle of view to ±18°, rejecting background light and deblurring the image. The imager is based on a high-gain capacitive transimpedance amplifier pixel using a custom 11fF MOM capacitor, achieving 8.2 V s-1pW-1 sensitivity. The pixel includes a leakage current minimization circuit to remove signal-dependent reset switch leakage and the corresponding dark current is 14 aA/μm2. The resulting 4.7 mm by 2.25 mm sensor (80 by 36 pixels) is designed specifically for intraoperative cancer imaging in order to solve the pervasive challenge of identifying microscopic residual cancer foci in vivo, where they can be removed. We demonstrate imaging and detection of foci containing less than 200 cancer cells labeled with fluorescent biomarkers in 50 ms with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 15 dB and the detection of microscopic residual tumor in mice models. The absence of large optical elements enables extreme miniaturization, allowing manipulation within a small, morphologically complex, tumor cavity.
• article_number: 8931582
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8931582
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8931582/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8931582/
• publication_title: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 4156126
• is_number: 8986762
• publication_year: 2020
• publication_date: Feb. 2020
• start_page: 91
• end_page: 103
• citing_paper_count: 25
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 1905
• insert_date: 20191212
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Optical imaging
    • Optical sensors
    • Metals
    • Cancer
    • Biomedical optical imaging
    • Optical device fabrication
  • author_terms:
    • Angle-selective imaging
    • cancer detection
    • capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA)
    • fluorescence imaging
    • image sensor
    • sensor-on-a-chip
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Cancer Cells
    • Signal-to-noise
    • Signal-to-noise Ratio
    • Signal To Noise
    • Signal To Noise Ratio
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Viewing Angle
    • Metal Layer
    • Metallic Layer
    • Residual Tumor
    • Residual Tumour
    • Dark Current
    • Background Light
    • Optical Structure
    • Residual Cancer
    • Transfer Function
    • Integration Time
    • Incident Angle
    • High Gain
    • Noise Sources
    • Excitation Light
    • Thermal Noise
    • Current Noise
    • Point Spread Function
    • Input Levels
    • Angle Of Light
    • Flicker Noise
    • Shot Noise
    • Poisson Noise
    • Shot-noise
    • Sensor Surface
    • Pixel Noise
    • Insertion Loss
    • Image Chips
    • Pixel Array
    • Left Image
    • Optical Filter
• authors:
  • Author Name: Efthymios P. Papageorgiou
    Affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085741858
    ID: 37085741858
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
    • Bosch Research and Technology Center, Sunnyvale, USA
  • Author Name: Bernhard E. Boser
    Affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37282431400
    ID: 37282431400
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
  • Author Name: Mekhail Anwar
    Affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085394272
    ID: 37085394272
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 80 by 36 pixels
• dynamic_range: Not specified
• pixel_size: 55 μm
• dark_current: 14 aA /μm2

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: +/-18°
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• signal_to_noise_ratio: >15 dB
• sensitivity: 8.2 V s−1pW−1
• power_consumption: Approximately 500 μW plus 3mW for readout
• noise: 4.5 mV RMS

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Intraoperative cancer detection with the ability to detect foci containing less than 200 cancer cells.
• benefits: Enables real-time visualization of cancerous tissue without disrupting surgical procedures.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Department of Defense, Mary Kay Ash Charitable Foundation, NIH/NCRR UCSF-CTSI Grant, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Cancer League, UCSF Cancer Center.

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Feb. 2020

Relevancy Score

• score: 10

Processed JSON Filename

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