Blockbased Cs In A Cmos Image Sensor

• doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2219143
• title: Block-Based CS in a CMOS Image Sensor
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 2379-9153
• rank: 1733
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: An implementation of the compressive sensing (CS) method with a CMOS image sensor is presented. The conventional three-transistor active pixel sensor (APS) structure and switched capacitor circuits are exploited to develop an analog implementation of the CS encoding in a CMOS sensor. With the analog implementation, the sensing and encoding are performed in the same time interval and making a real-time encoding process to optimize the frame rate of the imager. A block readout strategy is proposed to capture the required CS measurements for different blocks of the image, rather than the common column-row readout method. All measurement circuits are placed outside the array by this readout strategy, and the imager becomes scalable for larger array sizes. Because there is no extra in-pixel element for the CS measurement process, the fill factor of the imager is the same as its corresponding APS imager without CS. The proposed structure is designed and fabricated in 0.13- \(\mu \) m CMOS technology for a \(2\times 2\) array. The experimental results confirm the validity of the design in making monotonic and appropriate CS measurements. The functionality of the block readout method and the scalability of the imager are confirmed by fabrication of a \(4\times 4\) block and a \(16\times 16\) array.
• article_number: 6304905
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6304905
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6304905/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6304905/
• publication_title: IEEE Sensors Journal
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 7361
• is_number: 6841675
• publication_year: 2014
• publication_date: Aug. 2014
• start_page: 2897
• end_page: 2909
• citing_paper_count: 26
• citing_patent_count: 4
• download_count: 995
• insert_date: 20120917
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Image coding
    • Arrays
    • Adders
    • CMOS integrated circuits
    • Time measurement
    • Matching pursuit algorithms
    • Sensors
  • author_terms:
    • Compressive Sensing
    • CMOS imager
    • Active Pixel Sensor (APS)
    • Switched capacitor circuits
    • Block read-out
    • Active pixel sensor (APS)
    • block read-out
    • CMOS imager
    • compressive sensing
    • switched capacitor circuits
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Larger Size
    • Scalable
    • Frame Rate
    • Large Array
    • Fill Factor
    • Array Size
    • CMOS Technology
    • Image Block
    • Sensor Pixel
    • Capacitor Circuit
    • Switched Capacitor
    • Readout Scheme
    • Readout Strategy
    • Sampling Period
    • Measurement Values
    • Integration Time
    • Slope Of Curve
    • Light Levels
    • Random Matrix
    • Random Matrices
    • Measurement Matrix
    • Measurement Matrices
    • Image Compression
    • Digital Micromirror Device
    • Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
    • Version Of Image
    • Imaris Version
    • Integrator Output
    • Restricted Isometry Property
    • Restricted Isometry Constant
    • Readout Circuit
    • Discrete Cosine Transform
    • Parallel Paths
    • Pixel Array
• authors:
  • Author Name: Mohammadreza Dadkhah
    Affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38556486600
    ID: 38556486600
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
  • Author Name: M. Jamal Deen
    Affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37087806953
    ID: 37087806953
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
  • Author Name: Shahram Shirani
    Affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37270762600
    ID: 37270762600
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 2x2 and 16x16 arrays
• dynamic_range: Not specified
• pixel_size: 20µm x 20µm
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: Higher frame rate achieved due to real-time compression
• signal_to_noise_ratio: Higher; not specified numerically
• power_consumption: Lower power consumption compared to traditional imaging
• noise: Higher noise observed in CMOS generally

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Capable of real-time encoding during light integration; can perform compression in the analog domain to optimize throughput.
• benefits: Implementation allows for scalability, higher frame rates, real-time processing, and preservation of fill factor.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chair Program

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Aug. 2014

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • quantum_efficiency
  • readout_speed
  • noise_sources
  • analog_to_digital_conversion
  • design_considerations

Processed JSON Filename

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