Analysis And Parameter Optimization Of High Dynamic Range Pixels For Split Photodiode In Cmos Image Sensors

• doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3155482
• title: Analysis and Parameter Optimization of High Dynamic Range Pixels for Split Photodiode in CMOS Image Sensors
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 2379-9153
• rank: 1622
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: To achieve high dynamic range and define parameter tradeoff of split photodiode pixel based on lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC) technology, the mechanism of extending dynamic range with split photodiode, dual conversion gain and LOFIC technology was studied. A mathematical model of LOFIC technology combined with split photodiode at different pixel sizes is established, which describes responsivity ratio of dual photodiode, LOFIC, conversion gain, and voltage swing affecting dynamic range by equivalent number of random noise electrons and full-well-capacity (FWC) of pixel. Dynamic range of pixel increases from 131.1dB to 133.6dB as responsivity ratio rises from 12 to 16 with voltage swing of 1V and LOFIC node of 25fF, whereas signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at dual photodiode signal switching point drops from 28.65dB to 27.23dB for $3~\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 3~\mu \text{m}$ pixel. And dynamic range can reach 141dB when LOFIC node rises to 50fF with responsivity ratio of 18 and SNR at small-size photodiode signal switching point decreased by 0.2dB for $10~\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 10~\mu \text{m}$ pixel. The model shows that dynamic range increases with responsivity ratio and LOFIC, whereas is restricted by SNR at signal switching points. This paper provides a design idea and data reference for the design of high dynamic range (HDR) CMOS image sensors based on split photodiode and LOFIC technology.
• article_number: 9723040
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9723040
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9723040/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9723040/
• publication_title: IEEE Sensors Journal
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 7361
• is_number: 9745626
• publication_year: 2022
• publication_date: 1 April1, 2022
• start_page: 6748
• end_page: 6754
• citing_paper_count: 2
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 1427
• insert_date: 20220228
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Photodiodes
    • Signal to noise ratio
    • Switches
    • Dynamic range
    • Floors
    • Sensitivity
    • Logic gates
  • author_terms:
    • CMOS image sensors
    • LOFIC
    • split photodiode
    • dynamic range
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Dynamic Range
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • High Dynamic Range
    • High-dynamic-range
    • Pixel Size
    • Equivalent Number
    • Technology Model
    • Engineering Model
    • Design Ideas
    • Switching Signal
    • Conversion Gain
    • Practical Design
    • Single Exposure
    • Multiple Exposures
    • Shot Noise
    • Poisson Noise
    • Shot-noise
    • Noise Floor
    • Dark Current
    • Low Light Levels
    • PD-1 Signaling
    • PD-1 Signalling
    • Pixel Pitch
    • Number Of Noise
• authors:
  • Author Name: Jiangtao Xu
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37577831800
    ID: 37577831800
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    • Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, China
  • Author Name: Liuqin Shu
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089350779
    ID: 37089350779
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    • Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, China
  • Author Name: Zhiyuan Gao
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085495653
    ID: 37085495653
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    • Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, China
  • Author Name: Quanmin Chen
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088761459
    ID: 37088761459
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    • Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, China
  • Author Name: Kaiming Nie
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085670429
    ID: 37085670429
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
    • Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, China

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: Not explicitly mentioned
• dynamic_range: 141 dB
• pixel_size: 3μm x 3μm and 10μm x 10μm
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• signal_to_noise_ratio: SNR varies from 27.23 dB to 32 dB depending on conditions
• noise: σ_fl oor = 0.6 e-

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Applicable in medical imaging, automotive, and more.
• benefits: High dynamic range and low noise performance.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: National Key Research and Development Program of China

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 1 April1, 2022

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • resolution
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • frame_rate
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed
  • power_consumption

Processed JSON Filename

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