An Image Sensor With Joint Sensing And Energy Harvesting Functions

• doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2014.2356576
• title: An Image Sensor With Joint Sensing and Energy Harvesting Functions
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 2379-9153
• rank: 1501
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: An image sensor with joint sensing and energy harvesting functions suitable for outdoor monitoring applications is presented. The image sensor comprises pixels whose photodiodes can be configured either as photosensors to capture images or as tiny solar cells to harvest energy. As more pixels are configured as solar cells, more energy can be harvested from the environment. However, pixels configured as solar cells are not available for imaging, which affects image quality. It is shown that the unavailable pixels can be estimated from the available pixels using interpolation techniques. Thus, the image sensor allows to tradeoff image resolution with energy. A model of the sensor’s energy harvesting and consumption is developed and employed to analyze the tradeoff between image resolution and energy consumption. High-voltage generation from the inherently low photodiode voltages is accomplished using a flying-inductor dc-dc converter while minimizing the losses due to parasitic photodiodes. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the image sensor has been fabricated in a 0.5- $\mu $ m CMOS process. The fabricated prototype was employed to acquire images while energy was harvested. Measurements show that an average of 2 $\mu $ W can be harvested from a $32\times 32$ pixel array under sunny outdoor conditions.
• article_number: 6894563
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6894563
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6894563/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6894563/
• publication_title: IEEE Sensors Journal
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 7361
• is_number: 6962917
• publication_year: 2015
• publication_date: Feb. 2015
• start_page: 902
• end_page: 916
• citing_paper_count: 18
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 991
• insert_date: 20140909
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Photodiodes
    • Image sensors
    • Image reconstruction
    • Photovoltaic cells
    • PSNR
    • Arrays
  • author_terms:
    • Image sensors
    • energy harvesting
    • active pixel sensor
    • image interpolation
    • DC-DC conversion
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Energy Harvesting
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Energy Harvesting Function
    • Joint Sensing
    • Energy Consumption
    • Energy Expenditure
    • Solar Cells
    • Photodiode
    • Low Voltage
    • Monitoring Applications
    • Interpolation Technique
    • Dcdc Converter
    • CMOS Process
    • Pixel Array
    • High Power
    • Power Consumption
    • Random Sequence
    • Image Reconstruction
    • Iterative Reconstruction
    • Tomographic Reconstruction
    • Sensory Function
    • Sensor Performance
    • Frame Rate
    • I-V Curves
    • Current Voltage Characteristics
    • I-V Characteristics
    • Maximum Power Point Tracking
    • MPPT
    • Net Power
    • Standard CMOS
    • Generator Output
    • Parasitic Losses
    • Column Array
    • Array Configuration
    • Fraction Of Pixels
    • Maximum Power Point
    • Acquisition Mode
• authors:
  • Author Name: Hsuan-Tsung Wang
    Affiliation: Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38277120000
    ID: 38277120000
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
  • Author Name: Walter Daniel Leon-Salas
    Affiliation: School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38275971500
    ID: 38275971500
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 32x32 pixels
• dynamic_range: Not specified
• pixel_size: 54µm x 48µm
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 0.5 fps
• power_consumption: Average 2µW harvested energy from energy harvesting
• noise: Fixed-pattern noise present in images

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Outdoor monitoring and surveillance applications, smartphone cameras, automotive systems.
• benefits: Enables direct energy harvesting and image acquisition in one system.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-1055169

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Feb. 2015

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • dynamic_range
  • dark_current
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • signal_to_noise_ratio
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed
  • power_consumption
  • noise

Processed JSON Filename

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