An Analog Vlsi Velocity Sensor Using The Gradient Method

• doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.1998.705450
• title: An analog VLSI velocity sensor using the gradient method
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 0-7803-4455-3
• issn:
• partnum: 98CH36187
• rank: 1543
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: Smart vision sensors that unify imaging and computation on one single chip offer great advantage over conventional sensor systems, where the computational part is usually performed separately and serially on a digital computer. Using parallel analog VLSI design principles, compact, low power, inexpensive and real time sensors can be built even in standard CMOS processes. In this paper we present the first working analog VLSI implementation of a 1-D velocity sensor that uses the gradient method for spatially resolved velocity computation. We use a novel floating gate wide linear range amplifier and a floating gate division circuit. The division by zero problem of the gradient method has been solved. The sensor velocity output linearly codes the stimulus velocity over a wide range, is independent of contrast down to 20% contrast and indicates the correct direction-of-motion down to 4% contrast. In a circular pixel arrangement the sensor reports the rotational velocity up to 350 rpm.
• article_number: 705450
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=705450
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/705450/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/705450/
• publication_title: ISCAS '98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.98CH36187)
• conference_location: Monterey, CA, USA
• conference_dates: 31 May-3 June 1998
• publication_number: 5627
• is_number: 15107
• publication_year: 1998
• publication_date: 31 May-3 June 1998
• start_page: 649
• end_page: 652 vol.6
• citing_paper_count: 10
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 95
• insert_date: 20020806
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Very large scale integration
    • Gradient methods
    • Intelligent sensors
    • Computer vision
    • Sensor systems
    • Image sensors
    • CMOS process
    • Spatial resolution
    • Analog computers
    • Circuits
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Gradient Method
    • Velocity Sensors
    • Analog VLSI
    • Angular Velocity
    • Rotational Velocity
    • Division By Zero
    • Divide-by-zero
    • Digital Computer
    • Real-time Sensor
    • Output Velocity
    • Linear Amplifier
    • Circular Arrangement
    • Optical Flow
    • Local Intensity
    • Local Volume
    • Spatial Derivatives
    • Temporal Derivative
• isbn_formats:
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 0-7803-4455-3, isbnType: Historical
• authors:
  • Author Name: R.A. Deutschmann
    Affiliation: California Institute of Technology NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37351789300
    ID: 37351789300
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • California Institute of Technology NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA
  • Author Name: C. Koch
    Affiliation: California Institute of Technology NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37282902400
    ID: 37282902400
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • California Institute of Technology NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 147μm x 270μm
• dynamic_range: Wide dynamic range
• pixel_size: 147μm
• dark_current: <100nA

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: High frame rate
• noise: Temporal noise and fixed-pattern noise

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Not specified
• benefits: Compact, low power, inexpensive, real-time operation

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Center for Neuromorphic Systems Engineering, National Science Foundation

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 31 May-3 June 1998

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • signal_to_noise_ratio
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed
  • power_consumption

Processed JSON Filename

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