An Analog Vlsi Velocity Sensor

• doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.1995.521538
• title: An analog VLSI velocity sensor
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 0-7803-2570-2
• issn:
• partnum: 95CH35771
• rank: 1542
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: An integrated circuit that computes the velocity vector of a visual stimulus in one dimension is presented. The circuit combines optical sensors and associated electronics on a single silicon chip, processed with standard CMOS technology. The velocity is inferred from the time delay of the appearance of an image feature at two fixed locations on the chip. The circuit operates quite robustly for high-contrast stimuli over considerable irradiance and velocity ranges. With lower-contrast stimuli the output signal for a given velocity tends to decrease, while the direction selectivity is still maintained. The individual motion-sensing cells are compact, and they are therefore suited for use in dense 1D or 2D imaging arrays.
• article_number: 521538
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=521538
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/521538/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/521538/
• publication_title: Proceedings of ISCAS'95 - International Symposium on Circuits and Systems
• conference_location: Seattle, WA, USA
• conference_dates: 30 April-3 May 1995
• publication_number: 3941
• is_number: 11412
• publication_year: 1995
• publication_date: 30 April-3 May 1995
• start_page: 413
• end_page: 416 vol.1
• citing_paper_count: 27
• citing_patent_count: 1
• download_count: 134
• insert_date: 20020806
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Very large scale integration
    • CMOS technology
    • Optical sensors
    • Silicon
    • CMOS image sensors
    • CMOS process
    • Integrated circuit technology
    • Delay effects
    • Robustness
    • Optical imaging
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Velocity Sensors
    • Optical Sensors
    • Motion Detection
    • Motion Sensors
    • 1D Array
    • Delay In The Appearance
    • Slow Speed
    • Direction Of Motion
    • Lower Gain
    • Voltage Pulses
    • Operational Amplifier
    • Op-amp
    • Voltage Spikes
    • Current Spike
    • Input Stage
    • Time Velocity
    • Flicker Noise
    • Temporal Contrast
    • Short Spikes
• isbn_formats:
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 0-7803-2570-2, isbnType: Historical
• authors:
  • Author Name: J. Kramer
    Affiliation: Computation and Neural Systems 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37340309500
    ID: 37340309500
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Computation and Neural Systems 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
  • Author Name: R. Sarpeshkar
    Affiliation: Computation and Neural Systems 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37272202000
    ID: 37272202000
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Computation and Neural Systems 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
  • Author Name: C. Koch
    Affiliation: Computation and Neural Systems 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37282902400
    ID: 37282902400
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Computation and Neural Systems 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 1D array of compact motion-sensing cells
• dynamic_range: not explicitly stated
• pixel_size: 0.05 mm2 for an elementary motion cell
• dark_current: not explicitly stated

Optical Data

• focal_length: 13 mm
• aperture: f/1.6
• field_of_view: not explicitly stated
• distortion: not explicitly stated

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: not explicitly stated
• signal_to_noise_ratio: not explicitly stated
• sensitivity: not explicitly stated
• shutter_speed: not explicitly stated
• power_consumption: not explicitly stated
• noise: flicker noise observed at 120 Hz under incandescent lighting

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: The sensor processes visual motion in real-time, suitable for robotic guidance and dynamic environments.
• benefits: Compactness and low power consumption, robust operation over extensive speed and illumination ranges.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Swiss National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, MOSIS

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 30 April-3 May 1995

Relevancy Score

• score: 8
• missing_fields:
  • fill_factor
  • quantum_efficiency
  • noise_sources
  • readout_speed
  • analog_to_digital_conversion_techniques
  • design_considerations

Processed JSON Filename

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