Active Pixel Sensors In Nuclear Medicine Imaging

• doi: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2008.4774334
• title: Active pixel sensors in Nuclear Medicine imaging
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 978-1-4244-2715-4
• issn: 1082-3654
• partnum: 08CH38052
• rank: 1379
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: Three CMOS active pixel sensors have been investigated to assess their potential application to Nuclear Medicine imaging. The first, Startracker, contained 525 × 525 pixels each 25 micron square and was coupled via a fiber optic stud to a 20mm × 20mm × 2mm thick segmented CsI(Tl) crystal. Imaging tests were performed using 99mTc sources which emit 140 keV gamma rays together with various lead collimators. The system was interfaced to a PC via an FPGA-based DAQ and optical link enabling imaging rates of 10 frames per sec. System noise was measured to be ≫100e but the majority of this noise was found to be fixed pattern in nature. The intrinsic spatial resolution was measured as ∼80 microns and the system spatial resolution measured with a slit was ≪1mm. The second sensor, OPIC, had 64 × 72 pixels each 40 micron square and was used to evaluate noise characteristics of these sensors and to develop a method of differentiation between fixed pattern and statistical noise. The third sensor, Vanilla, had 520×520 pixels each 25micron square and a measured system noise of ∼25e. This sensor was coupled directly to the segmented phosphor. Results show that even at this lower level of noise the signal from 140 keV gamma rays is small as the light from the phosphor is spread over a large number of pixels. Suggestions for the ‘ideal’ sensor are made.
• article_number: 4774334
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4774334
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4774334/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4774334/
• publication_title: 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record
• conference_location: Dresden, Germany
• conference_dates: 19-25 Oct. 2008
• publication_number: 4747668
• is_number: 4774073
• publication_year: 2008
• publication_date: 19-25 Oct. 2008
• start_page: 4883
• end_page: 4886
• citing_paper_count: 0
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 86
• insert_date: 20090206
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Pixel
    • Image sensors
    • Nuclear medicine
    • Optical imaging
    • Sensor phenomena and characterization
    • CMOS image sensors
    • Gamma rays
    • Optical noise
    • Noise measurement
    • Spatial resolution
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Active Sensors
    • Nuclear Imaging
    • Radionuclide Imaging
    • Nuclear Medicine Imaging
    • Sensor Pixel
    • Active Pixel Sensor
    • Spatial Resolution
    • Optical Fiber
    • Fiber-optic
    • Vanilla
    • Natural Patterns
    • Statistical Noise
    • Gamma Rays
    • System Noise
    • Noise Patterns
    • Optical Link
    • Intrinsic Resolution
    • Frame Rate
    • Low Noise
    • Sensor Noise
    • High Frame Rate
    • Laser Pointer
    • Low Gamma
• isbn_formats:
  • format: CD, value: 978-1-4244-2715-4, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 978-1-4244-2714-7, isbnType: New-2005
• authors:
  • Author Name: Robert Ott
    Affiliation: Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37273183800
    ID: 37273183800
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
  • Author Name: Noel Evans
    Affiliation: Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37288875800
    ID: 37288875800
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
  • Author Name: Phil Evans
    Affiliation: Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37298221000
    ID: 37298221000
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
  • Author Name: John Osmond
    Affiliation: Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38305262400
    ID: 38305262400
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
  • Author Name: Andy Clark
    Affiliation: Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37290996500
    ID: 37290996500
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
  • Author Name: Jamie Crooks
    Affiliation: Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37295406000
    ID: 37295406000
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
  • Author Name: Mark Prydderich
    Affiliation: Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38189319900
    ID: 38189319900
    Order: 7
    Author Affiliations:
    • Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
  • Author Name: Renato Turchetta
    Affiliation: Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37295412200
    ID: 37295412200
    Order: 8
    Author Affiliations:
    • Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, STFC Centre for Instrumentation, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 525x525, 64x72, 520x520 pixels
• dynamic_range: >100 dB
• pixel_size: 25 microns (Startracker), 40 microns (OPIC), 25 microns (Vanilla)
• dark_current: >100 electrons (Startracker), >100 electrons (OPIC), -25 electrons (Vanilla)

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 10 fps (Startracker), >3700 fps (OPIC), 1-100 fps (Vanilla)
• signal_to_noise_ratio: Not clearly specified, major noise for Startracker is >100e-
• noise: >100e (Startracker), >100e (OPIC), -25e (Vanilla)

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Potential application in Nuclear Medicine imaging for detecting low-energy gamma rays.
• benefits: High-resolution imaging for detecting small cancers and cardiac abnormalities.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: UK-RC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories (RAL), MI-3 consortium

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 19-25 Oct. 2008

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed
  • power_consumption

Processed JSON Filename

request_78b55c27-27fe-4d35-8833-ab9627fd8600-active_pixel_sensors_in_nuclear_medicine_imaging.json