A Threephase Onetap High Background Light Subtraction Timeofflight Camera

• doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2018.2890050
• title: A Three-Phase, One-Tap High Background Light Subtraction Time-of-Flight Camera
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-0806
• rank: 960
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: In this paper, a time-of-flight 3-D camera is presented for indoor/outdoor high-speed applications. A threephase algorithm is proposed using one-tap/capacitor in-pixel background light subtraction. By integrating the background light only once, the standard four-phase time-of-flight operation is done in three-phases. The use of a single tap in the proposed pixel provides background light subtraction with lower mismatch and additionally, increases the camera speed. A 24 × 24 pixel array image sensor, fabricated in AMS 0.35-μm CMOS process is characterized in 2-D and 3-D mode for background light subtraction and distance estimation. The pixel pitch is 48 μm with 17.36% fill-factor. The sensor subtracts 125-klx background light with 8.2-cm distance offset at 80-cm object distance, without using an optical filter. The background-to-signal-ratio is 32.04 dB while frame-rate of the camera is 207 and 100 fps in 2-D and 3-D mode, respectively.
• article_number: 8625684
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8625684
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8625684/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8625684/
• publication_title: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 8919
• is_number: 8715688
• publication_year: 2019
• publication_date: June 2019
• start_page: 2219
• end_page: 2229
• citing_paper_count: 7
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 1053
• insert_date: 20190124
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Cameras
    • Estimation
    • Signal resolution
    • Optical sensors
    • Capacitors
    • Photodiodes
    • Spatial resolution
  • author_terms:
    • Background light/ambient light subtraction
    • time-of-flight
    • 3D camera
    • distance estimation
    • distance resolution
    • distance offset
    • high-speed 3D camera
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Background Light
    • Time-of-flight Sensors
    • Time Of Flight Camera
    • Time-of-flight Camera
    • Depth Camera
    • RGB-D Camera
    • Depth Sensor
    • 3D Camera
    • Distance Estimation
    • Optical Filter
    • Object Distance
    • Camera Frame
    • Camera Frame Rate
    • CMOS Process
    • Pixel Array
    • Pixel Pitch
    • Illumination
    • Lighting
    • Pulse Width
    • Pulsewidth Modulation
    • Pulsewidth
    • Pulse Width Modulation
    • Sensory Function
    • Sensor Performance
    • Light Signal
    • Traffic Signal
    • Range Resolution
    • Voltage Signal
    • Depth Estimation
    • Parasitic Capacitance
    • Pulsed Mode
    • Single-photon Avalanche Diode
    • Single Photon Avalanche Diode
    • Total Noise
    • Reset Voltage
    • Subtraction Technique
    • Output Pixel
    • Sensor Prototype
    • 3D Mode
    • Noise Amplification
    • PIN Photodiode
    • Gain Error
• authors:
  • Author Name: Chandani Anand
    Affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37901669700
    ID: 37901669700
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
  • Author Name: Kapil Jainwal
    Affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38189472900
    ID: 38189472900
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
  • Author Name: Mukul Sarkar
    Affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37394227700
    ID: 37394227700
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 24x24 pixels
• dynamic_range: 32.04 dB
• pixel_size: 48 µm
• dark_current: N/A

Optical Data

• focal_length: 16 mm
• aperture: f/1.4
• field_of_view: N/A
• distortion: N/A

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 207 fps (2D), 100 fps (3D)
• signal_to_noise_ratio: N/A
• sensitivity: N/A
• shutter_speed: N/A
• power_consumption: 122 mW
• noise: 88 e-

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Applicable for high-speed depth estimation and background light subtraction in imaging systems.
• benefits: High background light subtraction capability, potential for outdoor applications without optical filters.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: IIT Delhi

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: June 2019

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • quantum_efficiency
  • readout_speed
  • temporal_noise
  • fixed_pattern_noise
  • analog_to_digital_conversion
  • microlenses
  • on_chip_colour_filters
  • global_shutter
  • rolling_shutter
  • backside_illumination

Processed JSON Filename

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