A Pipelined Temporal Difference Imager

• doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.822777
• title: A pipelined temporal difference imager
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-173X
• rank: 1236
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: A 189/spl times/182 active pixel sensor (APS) for temporal difference computation is presented. The temporal difference imager (TDI), fabricated in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process, contains in-pixel storage elements for a previous image frame. Difference double-sampling circuits are used to suppress the fixed pattern noise in both images and to compute the difference between the corrected images. The pixel area occupies 25 /spl mu/m by 25 /spl mu/m (using 0.7-/spl mu/m scalable rules), with fill factor of 30%. A novel pipelined readout technique is described, which is used to improve the accuracy of the temporal difference computation. With this pipelined readout architecture, >8-bit precision for the difference image and low spatial droop across the difference image is achieved. The chip consumes 30 mW at 50 fps from a 5-V power supply.
• article_number: 1269933
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1269933
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1269933/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1269933/
• publication_title: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 4
• is_number: 28416
• publication_year: 2004
• publication_date: March 2004
• start_page: 538
• end_page: 543
• citing_paper_count: 30
• citing_patent_count: 1
• download_count: 444
• insert_date: 20040303
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Image storage
    • Phase distortion
    • Computer architecture
    • Video compression
    • Layout
    • Delay effects
    • Leakage current
    • Circuits
    • Atmospheric waves
    • Atmosphere
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Temporal Differences
    • Temporal Deviation
    • CMOS Process
    • Storage Elements
    • Time Delay
    • Operation Mode
    • Difference In Accuracy
    • Image Intensity
    • Consecutive Frames
    • Consecutive Images
    • Hold Time
    • Store Of Value
    • Temporal Images
    • Rest Of The Image
    • Image Storage
    • Pipeline Stages
    • Voltage Swing
    • Video Compression
    • Integration Period
    • Capacitor C1
    • Capacitors C2
    • Reset Voltage
    • Offset Error
    • Compression Algorithm
    • Integration Time
    • Rotational Speed
    • Rotation Rate
    • Grayscale Value
    • Greyscale Values
    • Light Intensity
    • Wavefront
    • Decay Rate
    • Radioactive Decay
• authors:
  • Author Name: V. Gruev
    Affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37269503900
    ID: 37269503900
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
  • Author Name: Ralph Etienne-Cummings
    Affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37087990085
    ID: 37087990085
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 189x182
• dynamic_range: Not specified
• pixel_size: 5 µm
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 50 fps
• power_consumption: 30 mW
• noise: Fixed pattern noise (0.6% of saturation level)

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: The imager is intended for wavefront phase correction in free-space laser communication systems.
• benefits: The architecture provides 8-bit precision for the difference between two consecutive images at 50 fps.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Supported by an ARL collaboration grant and the National Science Foundation under Award ECS-001-0026.

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: March 2004

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • fill factor
  • quantum efficiency
  • readout speed
  • noise sources
  • analog-to-digital conversion techniques
  • use of microlenses
  • on-chip colour filters
  • global or rolling shutters
  • backside illumination

Processed JSON Filename

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