A Lowpower Columnparallel Adc With Shared Otas And Singlebitbwi Decimation Filter For Cmos Image Sensor

• doi: 10.1109/TED.2022.3171742
• title: A Low-Power Column-Parallel ΣΔ ADC With Shared OTAs and Single-Bit-BWI Decimation Filter for CMOS Image Sensor
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1557-9646
• rank: 803
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: This article presents a low-power column-parallel $\Sigma \Delta $ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with shared operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) for CMOS image sensors (CISs). Through the proposed time division multiplexing of OTAs, the power consumption of the modulator achieves a reduction of about 40%. The proposed structure alleviates the layout requirement of OTAs, enabling implementation of a high-resolution low-power image sensor in advanced CMOS technology nodes. As the coupled noise introduced by the proposed column-shared scheme is suppressed to a lower level than the inherent crosstalk of adjacent pixels, the proposed structure only contributes a negligible inter-column coupled noise from the ADCs. Moreover, a compact digital decimation filter with a single-bit-bit-wise-inversion (BWI) topology is also proposed, which can reduce chip area significantly. The prototype sensor is fabricated in a 40-nm standard CMOS technology with 256 $\times256$ pixel array and 256 proposed column-parallel $\Sigma \Delta $ ADCs. Each $\Sigma \Delta $ ADC occupies a core area of 4.5 $\mu \text{m}\,\,\times $ 310 $\mu \text{m}$ , while consuming a power of 58.8 $\mu \text{W}$ . The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are +0.49/−0.65 LSB and +5.1/−4.8 LSB, respectively. Measurement results show a dynamic range of 79.9 dB and an effective-number-of-bit (ENOB) of 11.4 bit. This work achieves a figure of merit (FOM) of 97.2 fJ/step.
• article_number: 9775112
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9775112
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9775112/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9775112/
• publication_title: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 16
• is_number: 9780469
• publication_year: 2022
• publication_date: June 2022
• start_page: 2979
• end_page: 2985
• citing_paper_count: 3
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 1245
• insert_date: 20220516
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Modulation
    • Analog-digital conversion
    • Power demand
    • Registers
    • Capacitors
    • Clocks
    • Topology
  • author_terms:
    • ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
    • CMOS image sensor (CIS)
    • column-parallel readout circuit
    • digital decimation filter
    • low power
    • shared operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Operational Transconductance Amplifier
    • Decimation Filter
    • Power Consumption
    • Figure Of Merit
    • Figure-of-merit
    • Digital Filter
    • Operational Amplifier
    • Op-amp
    • Chip Area
    • Internet Of Things
    • Internet-of-Things
    • Capacitance Values
    • Capacity Values
    • Inverter
    • Power Efficiency
    • Sine Wave
    • Sine-wave
    • Supply Voltage
    • Bitstream
    • Binary Sequence
    • Parasitic Capacitance
    • Clock Frequency
    • Adjacent Channels
    • Amplifier Gain
    • Phase Increment
    • Silicon Area
    • Pixel Pitch
    • Differential Amplifier
    • Readout Circuit
    • Capacitance Ratio
    • Temporal Noise
    • Open-loop Gain
    • Open Loop Gain
    • Transfer Function
• authors:
  • Author Name: Zhongjie Wang
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37086404023
    ID: 37086404023
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
  • Author Name: Qiyun Ma
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089390174
    ID: 37089390174
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
  • Author Name: Tongbei Yang
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088357832
    ID: 37088357832
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
  • Author Name: Zhi Lin
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085842441
    ID: 37085842441
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
  • Author Name: Amine Bermak
    Affiliation: College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37275353200
    ID: 37275353200
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  • Author Name: Fang Tang
    Affiliation: School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37393880400
    ID: 37393880400
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University (CQU), Chongqing, China

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 256x256 pixels
• dynamic_range: 79.9 dB
• pixel_size: 4.5 μm
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• power_consumption: 58.8 μW
• noise: Temporal noise: about 0.55 LSB rms, input-referred temporal noise: about 77 μVrms

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: The sensor is suitable for imaging in various applications including smartphones, medical devices, and automotive systems.
• benefits: Achieves a significant reduction in power consumption (40% less than traditional ADCs), compact design, and competitive energy efficiency.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: June 2022

Relevancy Score

• score: 10

Processed JSON Filename

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