A Cmos Imager With Pfmpwm Based Analogtodigital Converter

• doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2002.1010386
• title: A CMOS imager with PFM/PWM based analog-to-digital converter
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 0-7803-7448-7
• issn:
• partnum: 02CH37353
• rank: 627
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: An on-pixel analog-to-digital converter based on both PFM and PWM schemes is reported. The proposed architecture uses a limited number of transistors that can be implemented in a small silicon area resulting in a 23% fill-factor. The digital sensor can be externally configured in order to operate under either the PFM or PWM scheme. At high light intensities, the PFM scheme is replaced by the PWM scheme which proves to be much more efficient in terms of power consumption and clock frequency requirements. An in-built light adaptation mechanism has also been implemented which allows the sensor to better adapt to low-light intensity or to adjust the sensor saturation level. As a consequence, the sensor features a programmable dynamic range. Image lag is reduced in both schemes since a reset of the photodetector is performed after the conversion period. The pixel based ADC has been designed and fabricated using CMOS 0.25 /spl mu/m technology.
• article_number: 1010386
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1010386
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1010386/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1010386/
• publication_title: 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37353)
• conference_location: Phoenix-Scottsdale, AZ, USA
• conference_dates: 26-29 May 2002
• publication_number: 7897
• is_number: 21779
• publication_year: 2002
• publication_date: 26-29 May 2002
• start_page: IV
• end_page: IV
• citing_paper_count: 17
• citing_patent_count: 16
• download_count: 662
• insert_date: 20020807
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Pulse width modulation
    • Pulse width modulation converters
    • Analog-digital conversion
    • CMOS image sensors
    • CMOS technology
    • Silicon
    • Energy consumption
    • Clocks
    • Frequency
    • Sensor phenomena and characterization
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Dynamic Range
    • Power Consumption
    • Pulse Width
    • Pulsewidth Modulation
    • High Light
    • High Light Intensity
    • CMOS Technology
    • Clock Frequency
    • Digital Sensor
    • Built-in Mechanism
    • Inbuilt Mechanism
    • Silicon Area
    • Pulsewidth Modulation Scheme
    • Pulsewidth Modulation Strategy
    • Circuitry
    • Photodiode
    • Photocurrent
    • Comparable Yields
    • Comparator Output
    • Comparison Of Yield
    • Comparison Of Outputs
    • Pixel Level
    • Illumination Levels
    • Feedback Circuit
    • Average Power Consumption
    • Output Pixel
    • Standby Mode
    • Voltage Vds
    • Voltage Vd
• isbn_formats:
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 0-7803-7448-7, isbnType: Historical
• authors:
  • Author Name: A. Bermak
    Affiliation: School of Engineering and Mathematics, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37275353200
    ID: 37275353200
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Engineering and Mathematics, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 32x32
• dynamic_range: Programmable
• pixel_size: Not specified
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• power_consumption: 85pW for PFM, 10pW for PWM

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Used in digital vision sensors for multimedia and intelligent systems
• benefits: Integrates ADC for reduced power consumption and small silicon area with improved dynamic range.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Australian Research Council

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 26-29 May 2002

Relevancy Score

• score: 8
• missing_fields:
  • dark_current
  • pixel_size
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • frame_rate
  • signal_to_noise_ratio
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed
  • noise

Processed JSON Filename

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