A Cmos Image Sensor With Analog Twodimensional Dctbased Compression Circuits For Onechip Cameras

• doi: 10.1109/4.643661
• title: A CMOS image sensor with analog two-dimensional DCT-based compression circuits for one-chip cameras
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-173X
• rank: 608
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: This paper presents a CMOS image sensor with on-chip compression using an analog two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT) processor and a variable quantization level analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The analog 2-D DCT processor is essentially suitable for the on-sensor image compression, since the analog image sensor signal can be directly processed. The small and low-power nature of the analog design allows us to achieve low-power, low-cost, one-chip digital video cameras. The 8/spl times/8-point analog 2-D DCT processor is designed with fully differential switched-capacitor circuits to obtain sufficient precision for video compression purposes. An imager array has a dedicated eight-channel parallel readout scheme for direct encoding with the analog 2-D DCT processor. The variable level quantization after the 2-D DCT can be performed by the ADC at the same time. A prototype CMOS image sensor integrating these core circuits for compression is implemented based on triple-metal double-polysilicon 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Image encoding using the implemented analog 2-D DCT processor to the image captured by the sensor is successfully performed. The maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is 36.7 dB.
• article_number: 643661
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=643661
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/643661/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/643661/
• publication_title: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 4
• is_number: 14037
• publication_year: 1997
• publication_date: Dec. 1997
• start_page: 2030
• end_page: 2041
• citing_paper_count: 108
• citing_patent_count: 15
• download_count: 1063
• insert_date: 20020806
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • CMOS image sensors
    • Discrete cosine transforms
    • Image coding
    • Quantization
    • Image sensors
    • Video compression
    • CMOS technology
    • PSNR
    • Two dimensional displays
    • Analog-digital conversion
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Video Camera
    • Analog-to-digital Converter
    • Analog-to-digital
    • Digital-to-analog Converter
    • Sensory Signals
    • Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio
    • PSNR
    • CMOS Technology
    • Image Compression
    • Sufficient Precision
    • Discrete Cosine Transform
    • Digital Video Camera
    • Video Compression
    • Image Quality
    • Low Voltage
    • Random Noise
    • Channel Noise
    • Compression Ratio
    • Hardware Cost
    • Least Significant Bit
    • Low Bit
    • Clock Frequency
    • Operational Amplifier
    • Op-amp
    • Motion Compensation
    • Readout Circuit
    • Conversion Gain
    • Stray Capacitance
    • Switched Capacitor
    • Vector Quantization
    • Offset Voltage
    • Analog Domain
    • Quantification Of Factors
    • Differential Amplifier
• authors:
  • Author Name: S. Kawahito
    Affiliation: Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37300195700
    ID: 37300195700
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
  • Author Name: M. Yoshida
    Affiliation: Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37616452500
    ID: 37616452500
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
  • Author Name: M. Sasaki
    Affiliation: Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37423531000
    ID: 37423531000
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
  • Author Name: K. Umehara
    Affiliation: Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37610734600
    ID: 37610734600
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
  • Author Name: D. Miyazaki
    Affiliation: Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37087690157
    ID: 37087690157
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
  • Author Name: Y. Tadokoro
    Affiliation: Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37287239400
    ID: 37287239400
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
  • Author Name: K. Murata
    Affiliation: Semiconductor Research Center, Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited, Moriguchi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37379459700
    ID: 37379459700
    Order: 7
    Author Affiliations:
    • Semiconductor Research Center, Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited, Moriguchi, Japan
  • Author Name: S. Doushou
    Affiliation: Semiconductor Research Center, Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited, Moriguchi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37610733800
    ID: 37610733800
    Order: 8
    Author Affiliations:
    • Semiconductor Research Center, Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited, Moriguchi, Japan
  • Author Name: A. Matsuzawa
    Affiliation: Semiconductor Research Center, Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited, Moriguchi, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37328684600
    ID: 37328684600
    Order: 9
    Author Affiliations:
    • Semiconductor Research Center, Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited, Moriguchi, Japan

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 128x128 pixels
• dynamic_range: Not specified in the text
• pixel_size: 16.1 μm x 16.1 μm
• dark_current: Not critical; output-voltage-referred value at 30 frames/s is 270 μV (0.02% to saturation)

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified in the text
• aperture: Not specified in the text
• field_of_view: Not specified in the text
• distortion: Not specified in the text

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 30 frames/s
• signal_to_noise_ratio: 36.7 dB
• sensitivity: Not specified in the text
• shutter_speed: Not specified in the text
• power_consumption: Peak PSNR value of the DCT processor is 5.4 mW; total power of two DCT cores is 10.8 mW.
• noise: Random noise level not clearly specified but stated to be relatively large due to common row capacitance.

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: CMOS image sensors can be used for imaging in portable videotelephony and other applications requiring low power.
• benefits: The proposed architecture allows for on-sensor compression, low-cost, and the potential for high-quality image compression.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., various academic institutions.

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Dec. 1997

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • quantum_efficiency
  • readout_speed
  • noise_sources
  • microlenses
  • on-chip_color_filters
  • global_or_rolling_shutters
  • backside_illumination

Processed JSON Filename

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