A 60Framess Cmos Image Sensor With Pixelwise Conversion Gain Modulation And Selftriggered Adcs For Perframe Adaptive Dcghdr Imaging

• doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2024.3433003
• title: A 60-Frames/s CMOS Image Sensor With Pixelwise Conversion Gain Modulation and Self-Triggered ADCs for Per-Frame Adaptive DCG-HDR Imaging
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-173X
• rank: 480
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: CMOS image sensors (CISs) have been evolving rapidly in recent years, offering unprecedented imaging capabilities. For high-end mobile CIS products, high dynamic range (HDR) features are favorably desired. Among various HDR techniques, dual-conversion-gain (DCG)-based HDR imaging offers several advantages due to its high image quality and single-frame basis. For DCG-based HDR applications, however, current state-of-the-art CISs suffer from frame rate reduction and higher power consumption. In this article, we present an adaptive DCG-HDR imaging based on a CIS design with per-frame pixelwise conversion gain (CG) modulation and self-triggered analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). According to the scene to be captured, each pixel adaptively adjusts to its unique CG mode. With a single readout per frame and without image fusion, a proof-of-concept prototype CIS that operates in adaptive DCG-HDR mode achieves a 90.5 dB of dynamic range and a power figure of merit (FoM) of 9.9 nJ/frame $\cdot $ pixel. Compared to DCG-HDR imaging, operating at 60 frames/s, the presented adaptive DCG-HDR imaging reduces CIS power consumption by 38% and enables single-frame pixelwise HDR imaging, which is suitable for future mobile CIS products.
• article_number: 10620065
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10620065
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10620065/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10620065/
• publication_title: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 4
• is_number: 10857664
• publication_year: 2025
• publication_date: Feb. 2025
• start_page: 568
• end_page: 578
• citing_paper_count: 0
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 1127
• insert_date: 20240801
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Imaging
    • Random access memory
    • Modulation
    • Gain
    • Adaptive systems
    • Image quality
    • Prototypes
  • author_terms:
    • Adaptive HDR
    • CMOS image sensor (CIS)
    • dual conversion gain (DCG)
    • high dynamic range (HDR)
    • in-pixel buffer
    • single-slope (SS) analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Conversion Gain
    • Image Quality
    • Dynamic Range
    • Power Consumption
    • Frame Rate
    • Figure Of Merit
    • High Dynamic Range
    • High Power Consumption
    • High-end Products
    • High Dynamic Range Image
    • Single Readout
    • Image Processing
    • Unique Signature
    • Final Image
    • Image Capture
    • Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio
    • PSNR
    • Output Image
    • Quality Degradation
    • Parasitic Capacitance
    • Blanking Period
    • Imaging Readout
    • Pixel Array
    • PIN Photodiode
    • Digital Memory
    • Output Pixel
    • Charge Transition
    • Charge Modulation
    • Mobile Camera
    • Mobile Phone Camera
    • Cell Phone Camera
    • Logic Blocks
• authors:
  • Author Name: Yi Luo
    Affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37071953500
    ID: 37071953500
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
    • Department of Component Development (DCD), vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Shahriar Mirabbasi
    Affiliation: Department of Component Development (DCD), vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37269465100
    ID: 37269465100
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Department of Component Development (DCD), vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 512x320
• dynamic_range: 90.5 dB
• pixel_size: 7.2 µm
• dark_current: 7.8 e-

Optical Data

• focal_length: 50.0 mm
• aperture: f/1.4-2.0
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 60 fps
• signal_to_noise_ratio: ~34 dB with adaptive DCG-HDR imaging
• shutter_speed: 1.0 ms
• power_consumption: 97.6 mW for adaptive DCG-HDR imaging, 157.8 mW for DCG-HDR imaging
• noise: 0.32% fixed-pattern noise in light, column temporal noise not specified

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Not specified
• benefits: Adaptive DCG-HDR imaging enables single-frame pixelwise HDR imaging and reduces power consumption by 38% compared to DCG-HDR imaging.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Feb. 2025

Relevancy Score

• score: 10

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