A 1-V Wide Swing Image Sensor With Simultaneous Energy Harvesting and Imaging Modes for IoT Applications

• doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3498073
• title: A 1-V Wide Swing Image Sensor With Simultaneous Energy Harvesting and Imaging Modes for IoT Applications
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 2379-9153
• rank: 191
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: Image sensors with energy-harvesting capabilities aid in the development of self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. By achieving simultaneous energy harvesting and imaging, these image sensors make it possible to eliminate batteries and directly achieve self-powered operation. The article proposes a 1-V wide swing image sensor with simultaneous energy harvesting and imaging modes. The proposed pixel utilizes a vertical n+/p-well/DNW/P-sub structures as the photodiode based on a standard 180-nm CMOS mixed-signal process. The n+/p-well is used for imaging, while the p-well/DNW and DNW/P-sub are used for energy harvesting with p-well and P-sub shorted together. Moreover, a traditional 4T pixel has been improved by using CMOS pairs as the switches and zero-threshold NMOS as the source follower. The rail-to-rail pixel output swing can be achieved. An image sensor with simultaneous energy harvesting and imaging modes, which consists of a $32\times 32$ pixel array, a controller, and a dual-channel PWM quantizer, has been designed and fabricated. Measurement results show that the average power consumption of the image sensor is approximately 899.6 nW with 25 fps at 3 klx. The proposed image sensor has a DR of 47.3 dB under a 1-V supply. The measured power generated by energy harvesting while maintaining imaging functionality is 194 pW/lx/mm2.
• article_number: 10767174
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10767174
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10767174/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10767174/
• publication_title: IEEE Sensors Journal
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 7361
• is_number: 10823640
• publication_year: 2025
• publication_date: 1 Jan.1, 2025
• start_page: 449
• end_page: 456
• citing_paper_count: 0
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 225
• insert_date: 20241125
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Energy harvesting
    • Image sensors
    • Sensors
    • Photodiodes
    • Pulse width modulation
    • Circuits
    • Internet of Things
    • Junctions
    • Transistors
    • Power demand
  • author_terms:
    • CMOS image sensor (CIS)
    • dynamic range (DR)
    • energy-harvesting imager (EHI)
    • simultaneous imaging and energy harvesting
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Imaging Modalities
    • Internet Of Things
    • Energy Harvesting
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Simultaneous Imaging
    • Simultaneous Energy
    • Simultaneous Mode
    • Wide Swings
    • Harvesting Mode
    • Energy Harvesting Mode
    • Simultaneous Energy Harvesting
    • Power Consumption
    • Photodiode
    • Pulse Width
    • Pulsewidth Modulation
    • Pixel Array
    • Output Pixel
    • Light Intensity
    • Valence Band
    • Energy Use
    • Conference Papers
    • Scientific Meetings
    • Academic Conferences
    • Scientific Conferences
    • Low-power Sensors
    • Supply Voltage
    • P-n Junction
    • Open-circuit Voltage
    • Source Meter
    • Fill Factor
    • Data Processing Speed
    • Voltage Signal
    • Maximum Voltage
• authors:
  • Author Name: Zhipeng Li
    Affiliation: School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088515443
    ID: 37088515443
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Jingjing Liu
    Affiliation: School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37675821800
    ID: 37675821800
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Yuchen Wang
    Affiliation: School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/390764497626268
    ID: 390764497626268
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Wenji Mo
    Affiliation: School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37090012525
    ID: 37090012525
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Yupeng Miao
    Affiliation: College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Henan, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/168621408620486
    ID: 168621408620486
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Henan, China
  • Author Name: Feng Yan
    Affiliation: School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089208832
    ID: 37089208832
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Jian Guan
    Affiliation: School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089278485
    ID: 37089278485
    Order: 7
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Kangkang Sun
    Affiliation: School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089208049
    ID: 37089208049
    Order: 8
    Author Affiliations:
    • School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
  • Author Name: Bhaskar Choubey
    Affiliation: Analog Circuits and Image Sensors, Siegen University, Siegen, Germany
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37274571900
    ID: 37274571900
    Order: 9
    Author Affiliations:
    • Analog Circuits and Image Sensors, Siegen University, Siegen, Germany

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 32x32 pixels
• dynamic_range: 47.3 dB
• pixel_size: 12.959x15.682 d m
• dark_current: Not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Not specified
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 25 fps
• sensitivity: 12.23 ns/lx
• power_consumption: 899.6 nW
• noise: 0.43%

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Enables visual capabilities in IoT devices, allowing for applications such as facial recognition, scene understanding, and real-time monitoring.
• benefits: Eliminates the need for batteries, reduces energy consumption, and prolongs device life.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: National Natural Science Foundation of China under Project 62174181.

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 1 Jan.1, 2025

Relevancy Score

• score: 10

Processed JSON Filename

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