A 1Mw Cmos Temporaldifference Aer Sensor For Wireless Sensor Networks

• doi: 10.1109/TED.2009.2030591
• title: A 1-mW CMOS Temporal-Difference AER Sensor for Wireless Sensor Networks
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1557-9646
• rank: 193
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: In this paper, we report a 64 times 64 active pixel sensor, designed for low-power image sensing for wireless sensor networks. The proposed image sensor computes the temporal difference between two continuous frames and communicates them in an address-event representation format. The image sensor is capable of computing 30 temporal-difference frames per second (fps) and consumes 1 mW with a 3-V power supply. Light-intensity images are also available as an output at a speed of 60 fps. The image sensor was fabricated in a 0.5-mum bulk CMOS process. The fabricated sensor was tested with various stimuli to evaluate its performance. The die size is 3 mm times 3 mm, including pads and test structures. Each pixel occupies an area of 29 times 28 mum2 with a fill factor of 23%. The minimum detectable speed of the temporal-difference is 4.5deg/s.
• article_number: 5280365
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5280365
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5280365/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5280365/
• publication_title: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 16
• is_number: 5290333
• publication_year: 2009
• publication_date: Nov. 2009
• start_page: 2586
• end_page: 2593
• citing_paper_count: 17
• citing_patent_count: 2
• download_count: 550
• insert_date: 20091006
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Pixel
    • Image sensors
    • Transistors
    • Generators
    • Capacitors
    • Wireless sensor networks
    • Threshold voltage
  • author_terms:
    • CMOS image sensor
    • low power
    • smart image sensor
    • smart sensor
    • temporal difference
    • wireless sensor networks (WSN)
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Sensor Networks
    • Wireless Sensor
    • Wireless Sensor Networks
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Minimum Speed
    • Continuous Frames
    • Light Intensity
    • Test Conditions
    • Visual Information
    • Power Consumption
    • Photodiode
    • Frame Rate
    • Analog-to-digital Converter
    • Analog-to-digital
    • Digital-to-analog Converter
    • Threshold Voltage
    • Analog Signal
    • Parallel Signaling
    • Vision Sensors
    • Metal-insulator-metal
    • Metal Insulator
    • Turn Off
    • Pixel Array
    • Switching Transistors
    • Output Pixel
    • Commercial Off-the-shelf
    • Low-power Sensors
    • Output Buffer
    • Amplifier Gain
    • Signal Path
    • Digital Signal Processing
    • Pixel Change
    • Object Motion
    • Moving Objects
• authors:
  • Author Name: Dongsoo Kim
    Affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37537422300
    ID: 37537422300
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
  • Author Name: Zhengming Fu
    Affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37688736600
    ID: 37688736600
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
  • Author Name: Joon Hyuk Park
    Affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37579117100
    ID: 37579117100
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
  • Author Name: Eugenio Culurciello
    Affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37268496400
    ID: 37268496400
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Electrical Engineering Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 64x64
• dynamic_range: Not explicitly mentioned
• pixel_size: 29x28 µm²
• dark_current: Not explicitly mentioned (focus on operation rather than a specific dark current measurement)

Optical Data

• focal_length: 2.8-12 mm
• aperture: 1.3
• field_of_view: Not explicitly mentioned
• distortion: Not explicitly mentioned

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 30 fps (temporal-difference frames); 60 fps (light-intensity images)
• signal_to_noise_ratio: Not explicitly mentioned
• sensitivity: Not explicitly mentioned
• shutter_speed: Not explicitly mentioned (implied dynamic operation through continuous frames)
• power_consumption: 1 mW at 3 V
• noise: Fixed-pattern noise (FPN) of 0.3% at 150 lx and 33 ms exposure time; 0.07% at dark light intensity under the same exposure time.

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Not explicitly detailed, but refers to usage in wireless sensor networks for monitoring applications (like human behavior)
• benefits: Extended node lifetime (100x compared to COTS imagers); low power consumption of 1 mW enables long-term surveillance.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: NSF Award 0622133, ONR Award N000140811014, Peregrine Semiconductors

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Nov. 2009

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • fill factor
  • quantum efficiency
  • readout speed
  • noise sources
  • analog-to-digital conversion techniques
  • microlenses
  • on-chip colour filters
  • global or rolling shutters
  • backside illumination

Processed JSON Filename

request_44ebb01b-62fa-4caf-b118-fbca5fe994b6-a_1mw_cmos_temporaldifference_aer_sensor_for_wireless_sensor_networks.json