A 16Channel Analog Cmos Sipm With Onchip Frontend For Dtof Lidar

• doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2022.3160265
• title: A 16-Channel Analog CMOS SiPM With On-Chip Front-End for D-ToF LiDAR
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-0806
• rank: 315
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: This article presents a 16-channel analog silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) with on-chip front-end for direct time-of-flight (D-ToF) LiDAR applications. The proposed receiver is mainly composed of 16-channel SiPM, variable gain amplifier (VGA) and time-to-digital converter (TDC). Each SiPM channel consists of 256 microcells, and their outputs are connected to a common output terminal in parallel. A novel active quenching circuit is adopted to reduce the long exponential tail in conventional SiPM and enable the capability of multi-echo detection. Current steering circuits are adopted within microcells to make the output current of SiPM immune to SPAD gain variations. The receiver was fabricated in 180-nm HV CMOS technology and integrated into the 16-line LiDAR prototype with optical components. Measurement results show that the sensor is capable of 20 m range imaging with 3 cm accuracy under 40 klux background light conditions. With the mechanical scanning system, a high-resolution image ( $240\times16$ ) can be obtained.
• article_number: 9741417
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9741417
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9741417/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9741417/
• publication_title: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 8919
• is_number: 9782465
• publication_year: 2022
• publication_date: June 2022
• start_page: 2376
• end_page: 2386
• citing_paper_count: 16
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 2040
• insert_date: 20220324
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Single-photon avalanche diodes
    • Microcell networks
    • Laser radar
    • Timing
    • Photonics
    • Transistors
    • Anodes
  • author_terms:
    • Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)
    • light detection and range (LiDAR)
    • active quenching
    • time of flight (TOF)
    • time-to-digital converter (TDC)
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Silicon Photomultiplier
    • SiPM
    • Direct Time-of-flight
    • Direct Time Of Flight
    • Extinction
    • Quenching
    • Time-of-flight
    • Time Of Flight
    • Long Tail
    • Output Current
    • Detection Capability
    • Optical Components
    • Calcium Silicate
    • Ca2SiO4
    • Microcell
    • Dicalcium Silicate
    • Circuit Current
    • Output Terminals
    • Single-photon Avalanche Diode
    • Single Photon Avalanche Diode
    • Time-to-digital Converter
    • Time Interval
    • Laser Pulse
    • Pulse Width
    • Pulsewidth Modulation
    • Pulsewidth
    • Pulse Width Modulation
    • Standard Process
    • Dark Conditions
    • Inverter
    • Dead Time
    • Dark Count Rate
    • Timing Jitter
    • Phase-locked Loop
    • Phase Locked Loop
    • Dark Count
    • Background Photons
    • Avalanche Photodiode
    • Lidar System
    • Fill Factor
    • Output Pulse
    • Depletion Region
    • Space Charge Region
    • Depletion Layer
    • Depletion Zone
• authors:
  • Author Name: Maliang Liu
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085500222
    ID: 37085500222
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
  • Author Name: Bingzheng Liu
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089274983
    ID: 37089274983
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
  • Author Name: Jin Hu
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085868293
    ID: 37085868293
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
  • Author Name: Dong Li
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089270461
    ID: 37089270461
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
  • Author Name: Jiaji Ma
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37087090782
    ID: 37087090782
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
  • Author Name: Zekun Chu
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089408932
    ID: 37089408932
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
  • Author Name: Rui Ma
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37086336477
    ID: 37086336477
    Order: 7
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
  • Author Name: Zhangming Zhu
    Affiliation: Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37407461600
    ID: 37407461600
    Order: 8
    Author Affiliations:
    • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 240 × 16
• dynamic_range: Not specified
• pixel_size: Not specified
• dark_current: 1.35KHz at 2.5V excess bias voltage (DCR density)

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not specified
• aperture: Not specified
• field_of_view: Horizontal FOV of 20° and vertical FOV of 10°
• distortion: Not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: High-speed imaging capacity implied but not specified
• power_consumption: 41.2 mW (for 16-channel SiPM), 72.1 mW (for AFE)
• noise: Thermal noise voltage approximately 65 μV for the VGA

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Used in LiDAR applications for depth imaging
• benefits: High-resolution imaging at 20 m range with an accuracy of 3 cm under high ambient light conditions (40 klux). Multi-echo detection capability.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: June 2022

Relevancy Score

• score: 8
• missing_fields:
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • quantum_efficiency
  • readout_speed
  • noise_sources
  • microlenses
  • on-chip_colour_filters
  • global_or_rolling_shutters
  • backside_illumination

Processed JSON Filename

request_1f2ee910-be9f-432d-9cc6-4018af5c7c53-a_16channel_analog_cmos_sipm_with_onchip_frontend_for_dtof_lidar.json