A 12 Pjpixel Analogtoinformation Converter Based 816 640 Pixel Cmos Image Sensor

• doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2014.2307063
• title: A 12 pJ/Pixel Analog-to-Information Converter Based 816 × 640 Pixel CMOS Image Sensor
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-173X
• rank: 270
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: Analog-to-information converters (AICs) take advantage of the limited information bandwidth in high-frequency signals to improve the energy efficiency of front-end data converters. High-resolution image sensors often convey limited information due to the spatial redundancy between neighboring pixels. This paper proposes a mixed-signal AIC which compresses each nonoverlapping 4 × 4 pixel block in a 816 × 640 pixel prototype active-pixel sensor (APS) imager. It combines an energy-efficient charge-pump bit-image processor (BIP) with an area-efficient successive-approximation-register-single-slope (SAR-SS) hybrid analog-to-digital converter (ADC) via a charge-transfer-amplifier (CTA). The AIC is fully dynamic and consumes no static power. The ADC's capacitor array doubles as a computational device for parts of the compression algorithm which reduces its sampling rate by a factor of four. The compressed data contains direct edge information and can be decoded by a very simple receiver. The fabricated prototype consumes 12 pJ per pixel at 111 fps in the image compression mode and 48 pJ per pixel at 28.7 fps in raw data mode (9 b per pixel) under the same clock rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most energy-efficient compressive CMOS image sensor ever reported in the literature, thanks to the proposed AIC.
• article_number: 6762815
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6762815
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6762815/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6762815/
• publication_title: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 4
• is_number: 6803076
• publication_year: 2014
• publication_date: May 2014
• start_page: 1210
• end_page: 1222
• citing_paper_count: 24
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 3426
• insert_date: 20140310
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Image coding
    • Capacitors
    • CMOS image sensors
    • Approximation algorithms
    • Power demand
    • Image resolution
  • author_terms:
    • Analog-to-information converter (AIC)
    • charge transfer amplifier
    • CMOS image sensor
    • compressive sensing
    • image compression
    • SAR ADC
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • High-resolution
    • Prototype
    • Decoding
    • Decryption
    • Energy Efficiency
    • Source Code
    • Data Compression
    • Analog-to-digital Converter
    • Analog-to-digital
    • Digital-to-analog Converter
    • Clock Rate
    • Clock Speed
    • Processor Speed
    • Edge Information
    • Image Compression
    • Compression Mode
    • Pixel Block
    • Image Quality
    • Power Consumption
    • Standard Process
    • Current Source
    • Current Regulations
    • Large Capacity
    • Large Capacitance
    • Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio
    • PSNR
    • Parasitic Capacitance
    • Discrete Cosine Transform
    • Clock Cycles
    • PIN Diodes
    • Offset Error
    • Nyquist Rate
    • Nyquist Sampling Rate
    • Vector Quantization
    • Counter Value
    • Good Image Quality
    • Good-quality Images
    • Disposable Sensor
    • Circuit Area
• authors:
  • Author Name: Denis Guangyin Chen
    Affiliation: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Hong Kong
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38254723000
    ID: 38254723000
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Hong Kong
  • Author Name: Fang Tang
    Affiliation: Chongqing University (CQU), College of Communication Engineering, China
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37393880400
    ID: 37393880400
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Chongqing University (CQU), College of Communication Engineering, China
  • Author Name: Man-Kay Law
    Affiliation: Macau University, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Macau
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37072476800
    ID: 37072476800
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Macau University, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Macau
  • Author Name: Amine Bermak
    Affiliation: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Hong Kong
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37275353200
    ID: 37275353200
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Smart Sensory Integrated Systems (S2IS) Lab, Hong Kong

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 816x640
• dynamic_range: 12 dB
• pixel_size: not specified
• dark_current: not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: not specified
• aperture: not specified
• field_of_view: not specified
• distortion: not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 28.7 fps
• power_consumption: 12 pJ/pixel (compression mode), 48 pJ/pixel (raw data mode)

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: The sensor is intended for use in various imaging applications such as wireless multimedia sensor networks, retinal prosthesis, and disposable sensors.
• benefits: The AIC improves energy efficiency and enables image compression prior to storage, reducing required memory size and improving processing capabilities.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Hong Kong Research Grant Council under Grant 610412

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: May 2014

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • fill factor
  • quantum efficiency
  • readout speed
  • noise sources
  • microlenses
  • on-chip colour filters
  • global or rolling shutters
  • backside illumination

Processed JSON Filename

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