A 12 Bit 47Mss 2605W Digital Feedforward Incrementalsar Adc In 013M Cmos For Image Sensors

• doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3102082
• title: A 12 Bit 4.7-MS/s 260.5-μW Digital Feed-Forward Incremental-ΣΔ-SAR ADC in 0.13-μm CMOS for Image Sensors
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 2379-9153
• rank: 269
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: This paper presents a 12 bit, 4.7 MS/s Digital Feed-Forward Incremental $\Sigma \!\Delta $ - Successive Approximation Register (DFF I- $\Sigma \!\Delta $ -SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for column readout of image sensors. An input range detection phase and a new switching scheme for the DAC in the first stage allow reaching the desired 4 bit resolution of the I- $\Sigma \!\Delta $ stage with an Over Sampling Ratio (OSR) of 8. A second stage SAR converts the I- $\Sigma \!\Delta $ residue voltage resolving the 8 Least Significant Bits (LSBs). The ADC is integrated in a test chip with a Source Follower (SF) test unit that emulates a pixel array and is fabricated using 2-Poly-4-Metal 130 nm CMOS technology. The ADC operates under 3.3 V/1.2 V supply voltages, achieving a DNL of −0.43/0.62 12 bit LSBs, $356~\mu \text{V}$ rms noise, equivalent to 9.2 bit ENOB at a sampling frequency of 4.7 MS/s with an OSR of 8. The proposed ADC consumes $260.5~\mu \text{W}$ of power, yielding a Walden Figure-of-Merit 94 fJ/c.s.. The core area is $18400~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ .
• article_number: 9504573
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9504573
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9504573/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9504573/
• publication_title: IEEE Sensors Journal
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 7361
• is_number: 9555929
• publication_year: 2021
• publication_date: 1 Oct.1, 2021
• start_page: 21653
• end_page: 21666
• citing_paper_count: 4
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 1614
• insert_date: 20210803
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Image sensors
    • Layout
    • Sensors
    • Image resolution
    • Capacitors
    • Pipelines
    • Analog-digital conversion
  • author_terms:
    • Analog to digital converter (ADC)
    • CMOS image sensor (CIS)
    • CMOS image sensor readout
    • incremental ΣΔ ADC
    • successive approximation register (SAR) ADC
    • ultra-high-definition-tele-vision (UHTV)
    • virtual-reality (VR)
    • 16k resolution
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Analog-to-digital Converter
    • Analog-to-digital
    • Digital-to-analog Converter
    • Supply Voltage
    • Input Range
    • Least Significant Bit
    • Low Bit
    • Test Chip
    • Quantum
    • Power Consumption
    • Input Signal
    • Common Mode
    • Power Efficiency
    • Thermal Noise
    • Current Noise
    • Output Range
    • Yield Range
    • Head-mounted Display
    • Most Significant Bit
    • High Bit
    • Highest Bit
    • Inductive Load
    • Load Capacitance
    • Operational Amplifier
    • Op-amp
    • Total Capacitance
    • Clock Cycles
    • Quantization Noise
    • Integrator Output
    • Ultra-high-definition
    • Ultra High Definition
    • Ultra HD
    • Capacitor Size
    • Offset Voltage
    • Camera Module
    • Voltage Swing
    • Output Code
    • Capacity Of Samples
    • Simulation System
    • Negative Input
• authors:
  • Author Name: Fortunato Frazzica
    Affiliation: STMicroelectronics, Catania, Italy
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37087068517
    ID: 37087068517
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • STMicroelectronics, Catania, Italy
    • ETRO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
  • Author Name: Toshio Yasue
    Affiliation: NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085645432
    ID: 37085645432
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan
  • Author Name: Annachiara Spagnolo
    Affiliation: imec, Leuven, Belgium
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37706287100
    ID: 37706287100
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • imec, Leuven, Belgium
  • Author Name: David San Segundo Bello
    Affiliation: Pyxalis, Moirans, France
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38259637200
    ID: 38259637200
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Pyxalis, Moirans, France
  • Author Name: Maarten De Bock
    Affiliation: Spectricity, Mechelen, Belgium
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37411548200
    ID: 37411548200
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Spectricity, Mechelen, Belgium
  • Author Name: Jan Craninckx
    Affiliation: imec, Leuven, Belgium
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37268745200
    ID: 37268745200
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • imec, Leuven, Belgium
  • Author Name: Piet Wambacq
    Affiliation: ETRO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37274342300
    ID: 37274342300
    Order: 7
    Author Affiliations:
    • ETRO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
    • imec, Leuven, Belgium

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 16k (15360 x 8640)
• dynamic_range: not specified
• pixel_size: 2.5 µm
• dark_current: not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: not specified
• aperture: not specified
• field_of_view: not specified
• distortion: not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 480 fps
• signal_to_noise_ratio: 57.1 dB
• power_consumption: 260.5 µW
• noise: 356 µV rms

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: not specified
• benefits: High-speed readout for advanced imaging applications including UHDTV and VR.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK), Japan; imec, Belgium

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 1 Oct.1, 2021

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • fill factor
  • quantum efficiency
  • readout speed
  • noise sources
  • temporal noise
  • fixed-pattern noise
  • design considerations
  • microlenses
  • on-chip colour filters
  • global or rolling shutters
  • backside illumination

Processed JSON Filename

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