A 117Megapixel Cmos Image Sensor With 15 Ad Conversions Per Digital Cds Pixel Readout And Four Inpixel Gain Steps

• doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2924337
• title: A 1.17-Megapixel CMOS Image Sensor With 1.5 A/D Conversions per Digital CDS Pixel Readout and Four In-Pixel Gain Steps
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-173X
• rank: 196
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: This paper presents a low-power 1232 × 952 pixel back side-illuminated CMOS image sensor with a pixel pitch of 2.8 μm. It is implemented in a 90-nm CMOS image sensor technology. We propose a method to reduce the pixel readout energy consumption by computing two digital correlated double-sampling (DCDS) results with three analog-digital (A/D) conversions, thereby using an average of 1.5 A/D conversions per pixel. The conventional DCDS readout requires two A/D conversions per pixel. The DCDS operation uses 27.3 pJ/pixel and achieves a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 0.064 nJ · e-, which is the lowest published to date. A pixel is designed with four gain steps that allow 175 μV/e- conversion gain and 2.33 e- read noise at the highest pixel gain setting and 33.400 e- full well capacity at the lowest pixel gain setting. The pixel design avoids the need for dedicated capacitors in the pixel and instead uses capacitance already existing in the current readout row and the previous row.
• article_number: 8770233
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8770233
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8770233/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8770233/
• publication_title: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 4
• is_number: 8811631
• publication_year: 2019
• publication_date: Sept. 2019
• start_page: 2568
• end_page: 2578
• citing_paper_count: 10
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 2268
• insert_date: 20190723
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Analog-digital conversion
    • Switches
    • CMOS image sensors
    • Capacitors
    • Approximation algorithms
    • Quantization (signal)
  • author_terms:
    • Analog–digital converter (ADC)
    • CMOS image sensors
    • correlated double sampling (CDS)
    • low power
    • successive approximation ADC
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Pixel Readout
    • Energy Consumption
    • Energy Expenditure
    • Gain Settings
    • Conversion Gain
    • Dynamic Range
    • Power Consumption
    • End Of Phase
    • High Gain
    • Analog-to-digital Converter
    • Analog-to-digital
    • Digital-to-analog Converter
    • Majority Voting
    • Calibration Procedure
    • Quantization Error
    • Amount Of Error
    • Parasitic Capacitance
    • Capacitive Coupling
    • AC-coupled
    • Electrostatic Coupling
    • Calibration Results
    • Least Significant Bit
    • Low Bit
    • Total Capacitance
    • Successive Approximation
    • Gain Factor
    • Black Columns
    • Pixel Array
    • Reset Voltage
    • Pixel Column
    • Signal Conversion
    • Shot Noise
    • Poisson Noise
    • Shot-noise
    • Energy Efficiency
    • Static Power Consumption
    • Integration Time
    • Thermal Noise
    • Current Noise
• authors:
  • Author Name: Øyvind Janbu
    Affiliation: Zivid AS, Oslo, Norway
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37086949935
    ID: 37086949935
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Zivid AS, Oslo, Norway
  • Author Name: Robert Johansson
    Affiliation: OmniVision Technologies Norway AS, Oslo, Norway
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38072832700
    ID: 38072832700
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • OmniVision Technologies Norway AS, Oslo, Norway
  • Author Name: Tore Martinussen
    Affiliation: OmniVision Technologies Norway AS, Oslo, Norway
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/38072587000
    ID: 38072587000
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • OmniVision Technologies Norway AS, Oslo, Norway
  • Author Name: Johannes Solhusvik
    Affiliation: OmniVision Technologies Norway AS, Oslo, Norway
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37355399300
    ID: 37355399300
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • OmniVision Technologies Norway AS, Oslo, Norway

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 1232x952
• dynamic_range: 66.3 dB
• pixel_size: 2.8 µm
• dark_current: not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: not specified
• aperture: not specified
• field_of_view: not specified
• distortion: not specified

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 75 fps
• power_consumption: 2.65 mW
• noise: 2.33 e-

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Used in medical devices and imaging applications due to low power and high performance.
• benefits: Low power consumption with high conversion gain and multiple gain settings.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Norwegian Research Council

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Sept. 2019

Relevancy Score

• score: 9
• missing_fields:
  • fill factor
  • quantum efficiency
  • readout speed
  • noise sources

Processed JSON Filename

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