A 013 M Cmos Systemonchip For A 512 424 Timeofflight Image Sensor With Multifrequency Photodemodulation Up To 130 Mhz And 2 Gss Adc

• doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2014.2364270
• title: A 0.13 μm CMOS System-on-Chip for a 512 × 424 Time-of-Flight Image Sensor With Multi-Frequency Photo-Demodulation up to 130 MHz and 2 GS/s ADC
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn:
• issn: 1558-173X
• rank: 140
• access_type: OPEN_ACCESS
• content_type: Journals
• abstract: We introduce a 512 × 424 time-of-flight (TOF) depth image sensor designed in a TSMC 0.13 μm LP 1P5M CMOS process, suitable for use in Microsoft Kinect for XBOX ONE. The 10 μm × 10 μm pixel incorporates a TOF detector that operates using the quantum efficiency modulation (QEM) technique at high modulation frequencies of up to 130 MHz, achieves a modulation contrast of 67% at 50 MHz and a responsivity of 0.14 A/W at 860 nm. The TOF sensor includes a 2 GS/s 10 bit signal path, which is used for the high ADC bandwidth requirements of the system that requires many ADC conversions per frame. The chip also comprises a clock generation circuit featuring a programmable phase and frequency clock generator with 312.5-ps phase step resolution derived from a 1.6 GHz oscillator. An integrated shutter engine and a programmable digital micro-sequencer allows an extremely flexible multi-gain/multi-shutter and multi-frequency/multi-phase operation. All chip data is transferred using two 4-lane MIPI D-PHY interfaces with a total of 8 Gb/s input/output bandwidth. The reported experimental results demonstrate a wide depth range of operation (0.8–4.2 m), small accuracy error ($<$1%), very low depth uncertainty ($<$0.5% of actual distance), and very high dynamic range ($>$64 dB).
• article_number: 6964815
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6964815
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6964815/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6964815/
• publication_title: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
• conference_location:
• conference_dates:
• publication_number: 4
• is_number: 6998099
• publication_year: 2015
• publication_date: Jan. 2015
• start_page: 303
• end_page: 319
• citing_paper_count: 166
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 15142
• insert_date: 20141121
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Arrays
    • Logic gates
    • System-on-chip
    • Modulation
    • Uncertainty
    • Clocks
    • Optical imaging
  • author_terms:
    • Natural user interface (NUI)
    • time-of-flight (TOF)
    • quantum efficiency modulation (QEM)
    • range imaging
    • 3D imaging
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Μm CMOS
    • Dynamic Range
    • Modulation Frequency
    • Depth Images
    • Operating Range
    • High Dynamic Range
    • Chip Data
    • CMOS Process
    • Clock Generator
    • Time-of-flight Sensors
    • Time Of Flight Camera
    • Illumination
    • Lighting
    • Light Source
    • Phase Shift
    • Integration Time
    • Arrival Time
    • Integration Of Signals
    • Differential Signal
    • Ambient Light
    • Single-photon Avalanche Diode
    • Pixel Array
    • Sequence Of Instructions
    • Teaching Sequence
    • Charge Collection
    • Amplifier Gain
    • Sensor Operation
    • Sensor Array
    • Wide Field Of View
    • Electric Lines
    • Depth Information
• authors:
  • Author Name: Cyrus S. Bamji
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37355130000
    ID: 37355130000
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Patrick O'Connor
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085363236
    ID: 37085363236
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Tamer Elkhatib
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37584953900
    ID: 37584953900
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Swati Mehta
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37089104343
    ID: 37089104343
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Barry Thompson
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37379797300
    ID: 37379797300
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Lawrence A. Prather
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085366978
    ID: 37085366978
    Order: 6
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Dane Snow
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085363222
    ID: 37085363222
    Order: 7
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Onur Can Akkaya
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37993002100
    ID: 37993002100
    Order: 8
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Andy Daniel
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085344573
    ID: 37085344573
    Order: 9
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Andrew D. Payne
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37664304000
    ID: 37664304000
    Order: 10
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Travis Perry
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085357020
    ID: 37085357020
    Order: 11
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Mike Fenton
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085340679
    ID: 37085340679
    Order: 12
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
  • Author Name: Vei-Han Chan
    Affiliation: Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085353409
    ID: 37085353409
    Order: 13
    Author Affiliations:
    • Microsoft, Mountain View, CA, USA

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 512x424
• dynamic_range: 64 dB
• pixel_size: 10 µm
• dark_current: not specified

Optical Data

• focal_length: not specified
• aperture: not specified
• field_of_view: not specified
• distortion: not specified

Performance Metrics

• sensitivity: 0.14 A/W at 860 nm light
• shutter_speed: less than 20 ms
• power_consumption: 2.1 W when used in long-range application (living-room scenario)
• noise: kT/C noise is mentioned as part of the design

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Suitable for gesture and identity recognition in living room applications.
• benefits: High resolution, dynamic range, and depth information for robust object recognition and scene analysis.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Microsoft

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: Jan. 2015

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • frame_rate
  • signal_to_noise_ratio
  • power_consumption

Processed JSON Filename

request_01b7287c-4e4c-46c1-9957-1da3a7e5b7d9-a_013_m_cmos_systemonchip_for_a_512__424_timeofflight_image_sensor_with_multifrequency_photodemodulation_up_to_130_mhz_and_2_gss_adc.json