113 A 160120Pixel Analogcounting Singlephoton Imager With Subns Timegating And Selfreferenced Columnparallel Ad Conversion For Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

• doi: 10.1109/ISSCC.2015.7062995
• title: 11.3 A 160×120-pixel analog-counting single-photon imager with Sub-ns time-gating and self-referenced column-parallel A/D conversion for fluorescence lifetime imaging
• publisher: IEEE
• isbn: 978-1-4799-6223-5
• issn: 2376-8606
• rank: 19
• access_type: LOCKED
• content_type: Conferences
• abstract: CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) offer the possibility to realize image sensors able to gather information about photon position, number and time distribution, enabling cost-effective devices for scientific imaging applications like fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), Raman spectroscopy, time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy, but also consumer applications like 3D imaging. Despite the digital behavior of SPADs, pixels using signal processing in the digital domain suffer from very low fill-factor (FF), on the order of 1% [1]. Alternatively, analog counting enables compact electronics with 20.8% FF and down to 1.1ns time gating capability in 2D arrays [2] or 530ps in test structures [3]. Smaller technology nodes allow up to 26.8% FF, but high non-uniformity reduces the dynamic range and makes extensive external processing necessary [4]. Architectures with large off-pixel circuitry have been investigated [5] but demand high processing power and suffer from poor scalability. Time-resolved scientific imaging like FLIM requires fast time-domain processing of low-rate events, with high FF and repeated measurements. This paper presents a single-photon imager having 7T + 1MOSCAP per-pixel with photon counting and 750ps minimum time gating. Column-parallel A/D conversion allows for fast readout, and stable internal waveform generation is guaranteed by an integrated delay-line loop (DLL).
• article_number: 7062995
• pdf_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7062995
• html_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7062995/
• abstract_url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7062995/
• publication_title: 2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers
• conference_location: San Francisco, CA, USA
• conference_dates: 22-26 Feb. 2015
• publication_number: 7054075
• is_number: 7062838
• publication_year: 2015
• publication_date: 22-26 Feb. 2015
• start_page: 1
• end_page: 3
• citing_paper_count: 9
• citing_patent_count: 0
• download_count: 1402
• insert_date: 20150319
• index_terms:
  • ieee_terms:
    • Photonics
    • Fluorescence
    • Image sensors
    • Histograms
    • CMOS integrated circuits
    • Timing
  • dynamic_index_terms:
    • Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
    • FLIM
    • Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
    • Waveform
    • Signal Processing
    • Raman Spectroscopy
    • Raman Spectra
    • Dynamic Range
    • 3D Images
    • Time Distribution
    • Per Cycle
    • Image Sensor
    • Camera Sensor
    • Pixel Resolution
    • Digital Signal
    • Photon Counting
    • Processing Events
    • Timing Gates
    • 2D Array
    • Step In This Line
    • Time-resolved Imaging
    • Poor Scalability
    • High Fill Factor
    • Avalanche Diode
• isbn_formats:
  • format: Print ISBN, value: 978-1-4799-6223-5, isbnType: New-2005
  • format: Electronic ISBN, value: 978-1-4799-6224-2, isbnType: New-2005
• authors:
  • Author Name: Matteo Perenzoni
    Affiliation: Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37301008100
    ID: 37301008100
    Order: 1
    Author Affiliations:
    • Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
  • Author Name: Nicola Massari
    Affiliation: Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37273438300
    ID: 37273438300
    Order: 2
    Author Affiliations:
    • Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
  • Author Name: Daniele Perenzoni
    Affiliation: Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37712348700
    ID: 37712348700
    Order: 3
    Author Affiliations:
    • Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
  • Author Name: Leonardo Gasparini
    Affiliation: Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37567529200
    ID: 37567529200
    Order: 4
    Author Affiliations:
    • Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
  • Author Name: David Stoppa
    Affiliation: Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy
    Author URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37268553400
    ID: 37268553400
    Order: 5
    Author Affiliations:
    • Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy

Image Sensor

• sensor_type: CMOS
• resolution: 160x120 pixels
• dynamic_range: Not explicitly stated
• pixel_size: 15μm
• dark_current: Not explicitly stated

Optical Data

• focal_length: Not explicitly stated
• aperture: Not explicitly stated
• field_of_view: Not explicitly stated
• distortion: Not explicitly stated

Performance Metrics

• frame_rate: 50 fps
• signal_to_noise_ratio: 4 dB
• sensitivity: Not explicitly stated
• shutter_speed: Not explicitly stated
• power_consumption: Not explicitly stated
• noise: Not explicitly stated

Applications & Benefits

• cell_imaging: Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and other scientific imaging applications such as Raman spectroscopy and time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy.
• benefits: Cost-effective devices for scientific imaging with the ability to gather information about photon position, number, and time distribution.

Supporting Organizations

• supported_by: Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Povo, Italy

Manuscript Details

• publication_date: 22-26 Feb. 2015

Relevancy Score

• score: 10
• missing_fields:
  • dynamic_range
  • dark_current
  • focal_length
  • aperture
  • field_of_view
  • distortion
  • sensitivity
  • shutter_speed
  • power_consumption
  • noise

Processed JSON Filename

request_17cfd061-6ba0-4180-bacf-9f4d5986202e-113_a_160120pixel_analogcounting_singlephoton_imager_with_subns_timegating_and_selfreferenced_columnparallel_ad_conversion_for_fluorescence_lifetime_imaging.json